National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357537120150601Influence of Seed Hardening Treatments on Germination and Seedling Behavior of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties under Salinity Stress1106010.21608/agro.2015.60ENJournal Article20150201LABORATORY experiments were carried out to study the effectof some seed hardening treatments (polyethylene glycol (PEG -6bar), humic acid 1%, seawater 2000 ppm, seawater 2000 ppmR, tapwater and untreated seeds as a control) on germination and seedlinggrowth of six sugar beet varieties. These varieties namely Soultan,Kawmira, Ras poly, Tenor, FD9901 and FD9902. Germination andseedling growth traits (germination percentage, germination rate,seedling length (cm), seedling fresh weight (mg) and seedling vigor)were determined. Results showed that all germination traits were<br />significantly affected by the studied mitigation treatments, sugar beetvarieties and their interaction. The highest values of germination %,as an average of all tested varieties were recorded with polyethyleneglycol (P.E.G -6 Bar) followed by that of humic acid 1% and seawater 2000 ppmR . Enhancement percentages in germination andseedling growth traits were greater with all seed priming treatmentscompared to the control treatment (untreated seeds). The highest mean<br />values of germination rate, seedling length (cm), seedling freshweight (mg) and seedling vigor were recorded with humic acidtreatment, while the lowest values of the above traits were recordedwith the control treatment (untreated seeds). Kawmira and Soultan asthe highly salt tolerant varieties recorded the highest values ingermination and seedling growth traits. On the contrary the varietiesFD9901 and FD9902 recorded the lowest values. The highestenhancement effect in germination percentages and seedling vigorwere recorded with the two sensitive varieties FD9901 and FD9902<br />(at P.E.G (-6 bar), humic acid and S.W. 2000 ppmR.). On the contrarythe lowest enhancement effect were recorded with the two highly salttolerant varieties Kawmira and soultan.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357537120150601Association Mapping For Salinity Tolerance Related Traits in a Structured Barley Population11336110.21608/agro.2015.61ENJournal Article20150204ASTRUCTURED barley population of 103 wild barley accessionand 19 spring barley cultivars was used to identify quantitativetrait loci (QTLs) for salt tolerance traits by means of an associationmapping approach using 660 DArT markers. In this investigationbarley accession and spring barley cultivars were employed in a twoyeargreenhouse project having a completely randomized designinvolving four irrigation water treatments having different salinitiesand twice replicated. Measurement parameters included grain yieldper plant, straw weight, relative water content, chlorophyll content,Na+, K+ and salt tolerance %. Several statistical models werecompared, the K-model was less spurious background associations,in this model 61 QTLs were detected under both of control and saltstress conditions (1000, 3000 and 5000 ppm NaCl of waterirrigation) over whole barley genome for yield, straw weight, relativewater content, chlorophyll content , Na+, K+ and salt tolerance %.Among of these QTLs, 21 detected under control, phenotypicvariations explained by these QTLs, were ranged from 8.02 in N+ to25.67% of the total variation in K+. 40 QTLs were identified undersaline conditions and the phenotypic variation explained by eachmain effect QTLs (M-QTL) ranged from 4.65 % in chlorophyllcontent at 3000 ppm condition to 28.13 % in ST at 5000 ppmcondition. The genomic regions that harbor QTLs for Na+, salttolerance and related traits on chromosome 1H, 2H and 7H in ourstudy can be used for targeting candidate gene (s) for salt toleranceof barley.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357537120150601Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization Levels on Morphophysiological Characters and Yield Quality of Some Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.)35486210.21608/agro.2015.62ENJournal Article20150209A FIELD experiment was conducted in two successive seasons2012 and 2013 at the experimental farm, faculty of agriculture,Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt, to investigate the effect of differentnitrogen levels on growth, yield and quality of grains and forage ofsome maize hybrids (Zea mays L.). A split plot design with fourreplicates was used. Main plots consisted of four nitrogen levels (60,90, 120 and 150 kg urea/fed) and subplots, including three hybrids ofmaize (S.C.10, S.C.122 and S.C.124). Results indicated that the effectof nitrogen fertilizer and hybrids effects on chlorophyll a and b, leafarea, the number of grains per ear, number of grains per row, 100grain weight of maize, grain yield were significant. The S.C.10 wassignificantly higher than other hybrids in all traits under study exceptshelling percentage and crude fiber %, which could increase palatabilityand digestibility of the hybrid. There was no significant difference occur<br />among hybrids in crude fat in both seasons. N management by theapplication of 150 kg N/fed produced significantly more leaf area,number of grains row-1, number of grains ear-1,100-grain weight (g),grain yield (ard /fed), crude fat (%), fresh forage yield (ton/fed,protein (%) in forage yield and grain protein (%) however it had thelowest crude fiber %. Furthermore, there was not find significantdifference among N fertilizer levels on oil (%) and moisture (%),<br />however, application of 120 kg N/fed. produced significantly moreshelling (%) and fresh forage yield (ton/fed). Thus, it concluded thatapplying 150 kg N/fed for S.C.10. could be used successfully forimproving production of maize grain and forage yield as well asquality traits.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357537120150601Using Validamycin A for Salinity Stress Mitigation in Two Rice Varieties Differing in Their Salt Tolerance Level49686310.21608/agro.2015.63ENJournal Article20150310WE PRESENT here the comparative protective potentiality ofexogenously applied validamycin A, a potent inhibitor of<br />trehalase as seed soaking prior to sowing in saline soil with salinitylevel (EC 10.06 dS/m) in mitigating NaCl toxicity and inducingsalinity tolerance in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars (cv.), Sakha103 (salt-sensitive) and Agami M5 (salt-tolerant). Salinity stressdecreased starch and total soluble protein contents concomitantly withincreasing total soluble sugars, proline and free amino acids in bothcultivars. Validamycin A decreased the activity of trehalase whichleads to the accumulation of trehalose in both cultivars of rice plants.Raising trehalose level in the plant tissues was accompanied byincreasing the starch and protein content and appearance of newprotein pattern of both cultivars. Application of validamycin Aincreased grain yield, 1000-grain weight and filled-grain percentagefor both rice cultivars under saline field conditions. Soaking rice seedswith 30μM of validamycin A could alleviate the harmful effects ofsalinity stress.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357537120150601Evaluation of Some Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Germplasm for Yield and Yield Component Traits69786410.21608/agro.2015.64ENJournal Article20150311<strong>F</strong>ORTY-TWO alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em> L.) landraces collected from different regions in Egypt and three commercial varieties were evaluated in this study. The data collected and analyzed were for plant height, number of tillers per m<sup>2</sup>, leaf to stem ratio, green forage weight and dry matter weight. The results indicated that plant height, number of tillers per square meter (m-<sup>2</sup>)<sup>,</sup> green forage yield, and dry matter weight were higher in the second year than the first year. There was a strong positive correlation between green forage yield with plant height and number of tillers per m<sup>2</sup> in addition, between dry forage yield with plant height and number of tillers per m<sup>2</sup>. There was also a highly significant positive relationship between green forage yield and dry forage yield. Using cluster analysis all genotypes were divided into two groups. The first group contained varieties Ismailia 1, Siwa and Nubaria, while the second group contained other genotypes collected from different regions. Maximum similarity index was recorded between genotypes (S18 and S09), while minimum similarity was between genotypes (D12 and Siwa).National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357537120150601Effect of Soil Water Deficit on Yield and Its Components at The Different Growth Stages in Rice (Oryza sativa) 79926510.21608/agro.2015.65ENJournal Article20150324TWENTY FIVE rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) genotypes were evaluated under normal (continues flooding) and drought (irrigation every 12 days) conditions at the experimental farm of the Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt during 2011 and 2012 to study the genetic variability, phenotypic correlation as well as identify the desirable genotypes that could be used as donors in rice breeding program. Combined analysis of variance was performed for data collected on number of panicles plant<sup>-1</sup>, 100-grain weight (g), sterility percentage (%), grain yield plant<sup>-1 </sup>(g), Harvest index (%) and water use efficiency (WUE) (kg/m<sup>3</sup>). Highly significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all studied traits. Genotype <strong>×</strong> Environment mean squares were highly significant for all the examined traits. The genotypes GZ 1368-S-5-4, Morobrekan, GZ 5121-5-2, WAB 878 and Goari were recorded the best performing entries under the drought conditions for grain yield plant<sup>-1 </sup>(g) (31.38, 30.98, 29.73, 28.99 and 29.25 g) and some of its related traits and could be used as donors to enhance such traits. Among the studied traits grain yield plant<sup>-1 </sup>(g) and harvest index (%) had the highest genotypic and phenotypic variances. WUE recorded the lowest genotypic and phenotypic variances under both conditions. The phenotypic coefficient of variability (PCV%) was higher than genotypic coefficient variability (GCV%) under both normal and drought conditions for the all traits indicating the existence of wide genetic variability in these genotypes and that selection to improve such traits could be practiced effectively in the segregating populations after crossing among them. High estimating values of heritability were observed in all the examined traits under the normal and drought conditions except for harvest index under drought stress condition. Highly significant and positive correlation<br />coefficient was determined between grain yield plant<sup>-1</sup> and most of the yield attributes under the normal and drought conditions.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357537120150601Effect of Drought and Salt Stress on Growth, Osmolytes Protein and Isozymes in Vicia faba L. Genotypes931196710.21608/agro.2015.67ENJournal Article20150428PLANTS regularly face adverse growth conditions, such as drought and salinity. These stresses can delay growth and development, reduce productivity, and, in extreme cases, cause plant death. Plant stress responses are dynamic and<br />involve complex cross-talk between different regulatory levels, including adjustment of metabolism and gene expression for physiological and morphological adaptation. In this concern, two pot experiments in split plot design were conducted to investigate the response of five divergent faba bean genotypes namely (NBL- Mar.3(G1), NBL-5(G2), L3(G3), Nubariya-1(G4) and Misr-1(G5)) against drought or salt stress. Expose the faba bean genotypes (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) to water and salt stress leads to significant decrease in fresh and dry weight, total protein and NPK%. Tolerant<br />genotypes (G1 and G2) have high protein content than sensitive genotypes (G4 and G5). Drought and salt stress induced an accumulation of total phenolic compound and total free amino acids. Aliphatic unsubstituted amino acids and cyclic amino acids increased under drought and salt stress in all genotypes. This was accompanied by a marked increase in the proline content. Aliphatic substituted amino acids decreased in tolerant genotypes and increased in sensitive genotypes under drought and salt stress. The biochemical response diversity in susceptible and tolerant faba bean varieties is discussed.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357537120150601Study of Agronomical and Technological Quality Characteristics of Some Special Egyptian Rice Varieties1211366810.21608/agro.2015.68ENJournal Article20150504<strong>T</strong>
HIS STUDY aimed to evaluate the agronomic and technological quality characteristics of Jasmine, Waxy and Black rice varieties under Egyptian conditions during seasons 2012-2013 compared to traditional one. Jasmine rice variety out yielded other varieties and gave the highest values for yield and yield component characters. Black rice had the smallest values for yield and yield component followed by Sakha 106 characters except panicle weight which recorded the second value with both Waxy and Sahkha 106. Jasmine rice characterized by low % broken and % paddy which related to reduced grain loss. Black rice had higher antioxidant activity (70.52 % DPPH). In addition, its high nutritional value relates to its chemical and mineral contents, jasmine rice recorded the highest numerical value for most parameters and the lowest cooking time 9.33 min, husk ranged from 20.8 to 24.4% in the studied varieties while milled riceranged 65.5-68.5% in varieties. Waxy rice had the highest 1000 kernels weight (22.7gm), the physical parameters (0.83 g/ml), 5.34% amylose and the highest gel consistency 95.1mm. Black rice recorded the highest protein content (8.69%) and minerals; 1874.8 (mg cy-3-glc/100g db) anthocynins; 716.4 (mg/GAE/100g) total phenols; 187.4 (mg quarstine/100g DW) flavonoids.