National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357542320201201Challenges Facing Dissemination of Dialogue Values in the Egyptian Rural Society and Methods of Confrontation22523411263210.21608/agro.2020.17373.1183ENMohamed G. M.Abo ElazayemDepartment of Agriculture Economic, Agricultural and Biological Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., (Former El Tahrir st.) 12622 Dokki, Giza, EgyptNagwaEl AgroudyDepartment of Agriculture Economic, Agricultural and Biological Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., (Former El Tahrir st.) 12622 Dokki, Giza, EgyptFatima A.ShafiqDepartment of Agriculture Economic, Agricultural and Biological Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., (Former El Tahrir st.) 12622 Dokki, Giza, EgyptTamer GamalMansourDepartment of Agriculture Economic, Agricultural and Biological Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., (Former El Tahrir st.) 12622 Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190926DISSEMINATION of dialogue values such as justice, tolerance, freedom, humility and other positive dialogue values should not be viewed unilaterally, but should be viewed through a broad system of vision and thought. It represents about 57.3% of the total population in Egyptian society. This means the importance of attention to the problems facing the dissemination of dialogue values in rural society and ways to address them.<br />The most important of these problems are the increase of illiteracy among the rural population, the high rate of poverty, the lack of renewal of religious discourse, the multiplicity of obstacles that hinder the ability of rural NGOs to achieve their goals, increase the divorce rate, the ineffectiveness of political party work, the phenomenon of revenge and retaliation in the rural community, and the phenomenon of smoking, and addiction.<br />The study recommended activating the efforts exerted to confront the problem of illiteracy in the rural society, pushing more investments by the state, businessmen and the rural civil society, renewing the religious and emphasizing the decision of Al-Azhar and the Ministry of Endowments to establish two international academies to prepare an enlightened religious preacher capable of confronting terrorism and extremism in modern ways that are compatible with Variables of our contemporary reality, Speeding up the issuance of the new law of the Egyptian civil work, activating the role of family and community counseling before marriage to reduce the phenomenon of increasing the divorce rate, raising social awareness of the importance of political party work to establish the rules of democracy in Egypt, and the development of integrated rural development as a main entry to face the phenomenon of revenge, and activating the role of work And volunteer in rural areas to face the problem of smoking and abuse and addiction.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357542320201201Using Vinasse as a Source of Potassium Fertilization for Sugar Beet and a Sandy Soil Amendment23524811960110.21608/agro.2020.37407.1222ENSohaKhalilSugar Technology, Research Department, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptBasemMakhloufAgronomy Research Department, Sugar Crops Research Instituet, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptKhadigaEl-GabryMicrobiology Research Deptartment, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200727TWO field experiments were conducted in a sandy soil at Al-Hossein Agricultural Farm located at 64thkm, Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Egypt, in 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons, to check the possibility of using cane vinasse as a source of potassium fertilization for sugar beet, and its effect as an amendment on some properties of soil. A randomized complete block design was used. The present work included 13 treatments as follows:<br />- 100% K2O: 48kg K2O/fed “fed = 4200m2” as K2SO4 “48% K2O” (control).<br />- Three treatments represent the sole application of 100% equivalent to 48kg K2O/fed, in the form of raw (V1), photo-chemically (V2) and biologically (V3) treated vinasse, i.e., 707.6, 707.6 and 817.7L/fed, respectively.<br />- Nine treatments, using 75, 50 and 25% of the recommended rate as K2SO4 combined with 25, 50 and 75%, successively, equivalent to 48kg K2O/fed, from each of V1, V2 and V3.<br />The lowest value of hydroxyl methyl furfural (HMF) was recorded with V3 and phenolic compounds with V2. The maximum activity of dehydrogenase enzyme was found with adding (50% K2O+50% V3)/ fed. Adding (50% K2O+50% V3) significantly increased root yield/fed. The different treatments including V3 markedly increased sugar yield/fed, as compared to that gained with 100% K2O/fed, in both seasons.<br />The addition of [50% of the recommended rate of K-fertilizer (24 kg K2O) as K2SO4+50% of the biologically treated vinasse (408.85 liters)/fed] could be recommended to get economical root and sugar yields, which means saving 50% of mineral potassium sulphate required for sugar beet crop.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357542320201201Efficiency of Yellow Rust Resistance Genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15 and YrSp in Improving the Two Egyptian Bread Wheat Cultivars Sids 12 and Gemmeiza 1124926111961110.21608/agro.2020.39840.1225ENKhaledRagabWheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute (FCRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), EgyptAtef Abdelfattah MohamedShahinWheat Diseases Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research
Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt0000-0001-8380-6242SedhomAbdelkhalikWheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute (FCRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), EgyptJournal Article20200819A FIELD and greenhouse study was conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station during 2015-2020 wheat seasons to enhance stripe rust resistance of the two Egyptian bread wheat cultivars Sids 12 and Gemmeiza 11 using the four monogenic lines<em> Yr5, 10, 15</em> and <em>Sp.</em> The two wheat cultivars were crossed to the four monogenic lines to obtain eight F1 hybrids then selfed to produce F2 populations and selected F3 families. In the field, parents, F1, F2, F3, and differential genotypes were inoculated with a mixture of predominating pathotypes of the wheat stripe rust pathogen <em>Puccinia</em> <em>striiformis</em> f. sp tritici (Pst). Evaluation of the monogenic lines indicated that wheat genotypes carrying <em>Yr5</em> and <em>Yr15</em>, at both seedling and adult plant stages exhibited high resistance to the Pst races. F1 field response confirmed that the four tested Yr genes are effective against the tested stripe rust races and resistant reaction is dominating over susceptibility. Segregation ratios of the eight F2 crosses indicated that the cultivars differ in three, two, or one genes with the monogenic lines. Average coefficient of infection recorded the lowest mean values for F2 crosses with <em>Yr5</em> and<em> Yr15</em> in both cultivars indicating that the two genes shifted the F2 population means toward resistance more than <em>Yr10</em> and <em>YrSp.</em> Efficacy of the four genes can be arranged in the following order Yr5 ˃Yr15 ˃YrSp ˃Yr10 with the Sids 12 background and <em>Yr5 ˃Yr15 ˃Yr10 ˃YrSp < /em> with the Gemmeiza 11 background. Out of the tested 63 F3 families, the highest percentage of completely resistant plants were recorded with the <em>Yr5</em> crosses (35-40%) followed by<em> Yr10</em> cross (34%) with Gemmeiza 11 and then the <em>Yr15</em> cross (26%) with Sids 12. Two of the F3 families from Yr5 crosses were phenotypically closer to the recipient cultivars that were completely resistant and hence may have <em>Yr5</em> gene in homozygous state. The promising resistant lines derived from both cultivars will be evaluated for yield and quality characteristics during the next season. Based on our results, pyramiding combinations of the three effective genes Yr5, Yr10 and Yr15 in one wheat background is expected to enhance resistance for the dominating stripe rust races in Egypt.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357542320201201Effect of Temperature on Monogenic Lines of Wheat Leaf Rust Caused by Puccinia triticina26327712102310.21608/agro.2020.30089.1226ENWalidEl-OrabeyPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt0000-0003-0201-5284DaliaShaheenPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptOlaMabroukPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptAhmedElkotWheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptSamarEsmailPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200821WHEAT leaf rust, caused by the fungus<em> Puccinia triticina</em> Eriks., is a destructive disease found throughout common wheat production areas worldwide. Fifty wheat leaf rust monogenic lines were tested with five of <em>Puccinia triticina</em> pathotypes, i.e. BJPPQ, LQFDS, PHFPG, PTPDN, TRFDJ at four stable temperatures (300C, 250C, 200C and 150C). The wheat monogenic lines viz.<em> Lr 16, Lr 17</em> and<em> Lr 23</em> were more resistant at 250C, while these genes were found susceptible at 150C, 200C and 300C to all tested races. Eight monogenic lines, i.e. <em>Lr11, Lr12, Lr13, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr47, Lr50</em> and <em>Lr68</em> displayed temperature sensitivity which were completely resistant at 150C and 200C.<em> Lr11, Lr12, Lr13, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr47,</em> Lr50 and Lr68 were completely susceptible at 250C and 30<sup>0</sup>C to all races of Puccinia triticina. Lr 34 showed temperature sensitivity to three of the tested races (LQFDS, PHFPG and PTPDN) which was resistant at 150C and 200C, but was susceptible at 250C and 300C. Genes like <em>Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr3ka, Lr3, Lr9, Lr10, Lr14b, Lr15, Lr10+27+31, Lr19,</em> <em>Lr24, Lr28, Lr33, Lr36, Lr39, Lr42, Lr51</em> and<em> Lr67</em> were slightly resistant at all temperatures to some races and were susceptible to other races. The other tested monogenic lines were susceptible at all temperatures to all tested races. Further, this study will be helpful to develop resistant cultivars against leaf rust of wheat.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357542320201201Effect of Sowing Date and Preceding Crop, on Growth and Productivity of the Sunflower Hybrid Sirena, under Varying Nitrogen Fertilization Levels27929012317310.21608/agro.2020.40803.1228ENMonaHemeidCrop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Aflaton Street, El-Shatby, EG21545 Alexandria, EgyptMahmoudZeidCrop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Aflaton Street, El-Shatby, EG21545 Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20200827SUNFLOWER is an important oil crop that has received great attention by the Egyptian agricultural sector in the early nineties, when a boom in oil extraction from the crop was observed. Since then and for more than two decades now, sunflower for oil purpose was neglected, hybrids are no longer on the market and confectionery sunflower became more profitable for Egyptian farmers. Recently, the registration of the single hybrid Sirena and its promotion based on contract basis with farmers, may present a new comeback to oil sunflower in Egypt. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of sowing date (April vs. August) and preceding crop (maize vs. sunflower) in a double cropping system, under varying nitrogen fertilization levels (36, 72, 108 and 144kg N/ha), on growth and productivity of the newly introduced sunflower hybrid Sirena. Results from the two-year experiments, indicated that April sowing, at a prevailing average temperature of 20-24oC later rising to about 28<sup>o</sup>C at harvest time, was suitable to secure maximum seed yield of 4.39ton/ha. In a double cropping system, where sowing was performed in August, the hybrid yielded an average of 3.4 ton/ha, whether preceded by maize or sunflower. Seed oil percentage amounted to an average of 42.8% and was affected by the year, rather than sowing date or preceding crop. Effects of the nitrogen fertilization rates were masked by the soil available nitrogen, however, based on the regression analysis and equations for estimating the nitrogen requirements based on the hybrid seed yield, 72-108kg N/ha were necessary to achieve the maximum seed yield while sustaining an oil percentage above the 42%.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357542320201201Phenotypic and Molecular Assessment for Genetic Diversity of Egyptian Wheat Varieties29130512401110.21608/agro.2020.43465.1231ENWalidEl-OrabeyWheat Diseases Department, Plant Pathology Institue, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt0000-0003-0201-5284ShaimaaAhmedAgricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), P.O. Box: 12619, Giza, EgyptAladdinHamweihBiodiversity and Integrated Gene Management, International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box: 2416, Giza, EgyptOlaMabroukPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), P.O. Box: 12619, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200925GENETIC diversity among plant species is important for improving plant traits. Its estimation is very essential to help selection of genetic resources in breeding programs. Moreover, it is the base for effective and successful crop enhancement and can be assessed by several methods i.e. using morphological trait (resistance to leaf rust) and molecular markers. In this study, genetic diversity was assessed among the 53 tested wheat varieties using 15 leaf rust pathotypes under greenhouse condition at seedling stage. In addition, the genetic diversity was assessed also using 10 molecular markers (microsatellite markers) linked to rust resistant genes. The cluster analysis indicated three sub-clusters based on phenotypic and molecular data. In general, low level (r= 0.15) of correlation was obtained between the phenotypic and the genotypic data, however, the molecular analysis is more efficient for estimating genetic diversity. Molecular analysis is an effi cient method because it’s not affected by environment, fast, more accurate and doesn’t need earlier pedigree information which can improve the effi cacy of molecular breeding practices.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357542320201201Characterization of Old and Recent Durum Wheat [Triticum turgidum (L.) Tell. convar. durum (Desf.) Mackey] Varieties Assessed under South Mediterranean Conditions30732012626010.21608/agro.2020.43329.1230ENAbou-bakrRabtiDepartment of Agronomy, Valorization of Natural Biological Resources Laboratory, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, Setif, 19000, AlgeriaInstitute of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Mohamed-Cherif Messaadia, Souk Ahras, 41000, AlgeriaRadhiaMekaoussiDepartment of Agronomy, Valorization of Natural Biological Resources Laboratory, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, Setif, 19000, AlgeriaZine El AbidineFellahiDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Natural, Life and Earth Sciences and the Universe, University of Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, Bordj Bou Arreridj, 34034, Algeria0000-0002-1066-325XAbderrahmaneHannachiNational Agronomic Research Institute of Algeria (INRAA), Setif Research Unit, Setif, 19000, AlgeriaAbdelkaderBenbelkacemNational Agronomic Research Institute of Algeria (INRAA), Khroub Research Unit, Constantine, 25100, AlgeriaAmarBenmahammedDepartment of Ecology and Plant Biology, Valorization of Natural Biological Resources Laboratory, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, 19000 Setif, AlgeriaHamennaBouzerzourDepartment of Ecology and Plant Biology, Valorization of Natural Biological Resources Laboratory, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, 19000 Setif, AlgeriaJournal Article20200918THE existing work aimed at evaluation of 58 old and modern durum wheat grown under south Mediterranean conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design at two locations (ITGC-AES of Setif and Khroub, Algeria) considered during two successive winter seasons of 2015/16 and 2016/17. Results indicated that, averaged across seasons and locations, modern varieties outperformed older varieties in terms of grain yield, spike number, spike weight, number of kernels per square meter, harvest index, spike fertility and stay green. Old varieties surpassed the modern ones in terms of straw yield, lateness, tallness and flag leaf area. Whereas, modern varieties were stress tolerant and more responsive to improved growth conditions, showing agronomic stability type. Old varieties were characterized by a minimal responsiveness to improved environmental conditions, stress tolerance, and biological stability type. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and path analyses indicate that, in both sources of germoplasm, the strong influence of biomass, spike number, spike fertility and harvest index on grain yield. Physiological traits had negligible direct effects and small indirect effects via biomass, spike number and harvest index. Lastly, principal component analysis revealed that old varieties represent an important gene pool for important traits among which plant height and straw yield. Furthermore, the differences between both sources of germoplasm can be usefully used in breeding program (Gene-bank) to enhance yield potential, stability and resilience to changing climate of the future varieties.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357542320201201Effects of Irrigation Regimes and Duration of Weed Interference on Grain Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Middle Egypt32133712707810.21608/agro.2020.32917.1217ENAhmed SalahMorsyDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, EgyptEnasMohamedWeed Research Central Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptSaharFaragCentral Laboratory for Design & Statistical Analysis Research, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptMohamedTantawyPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, EgyptJournal Article20200616TWO EXPERIMENTS were performed at Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, El-Minia University Egypt, during two consecutive winter seasons 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 to evaluate the impact of weed removal period and different irrigation regimes on weeds, critical period of weed competition and yield and its components on wheat crop. A strip-plot design with three replications was used. Four irrigation regimes were in the horizontal plots and eight treatments of weed competition (4 weed-free periods and 4 weed competition periods) were in vertical plots. Results showed that omitting two irrigation (IR4) significantly decreased total density and dry weight of weeds, wheat traits, i.e. plant height, spike length, number of grains spike-1, 1000-grain weight, number of spikes m-2, grain yield and grain ability. Weed infestation for whole season significantly decreased all studied traits compared with weed removal even once after wheat sowing (DAS). Maximum yield losses of wheat due to weed infestation in whole season were 28.52 and 28.17% compared with weed-free treatment in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. Cubic model was the best model for weed-free and weed competition over all treatments of the two seasons. The critical periods for weed control were 28 to 52 and 28 to 67 DAS in the two seasons, respectively.