National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357541320191201Rice Production with Restricted Water Usage: A Global Perspective1972065423810.21608/agro.2019.15729.1174ENMichael T.AideDepartment of Agriculture, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, USAJournal Article20190806GLOBAL rice production remains critically import for food security; however, fresh water is an ever-increasingly diminished resource. The objective of this manuscript is to select central and comprehensive research focusing on rice production and diminished water availability to isolate and authenticate emerging initiatives to address continuance of rice production and to ensure water sustainability. Three regions were selected: (i) Asia with an emphasis of China and India, (ii) The United States of America and (iii) The Mediterranean region with an emphasis on Egypt. Each of these regions recognize current or emerging issues associated with water quantity, water quality, urbanization, climate change and other technological, social and policy constraints; however, each region has a different hierarchy of issue importance. China and India recognize climate change, aquifer overdraft and pollution of water resources as central issues, whereas the mid-South region of the United States of America is more focused on irrigation technology to improve farm profitability. Egypt is primarily focused on water quantity and quality limitations, with substantial research addressing desertification and saline soils/water. This review focuses on stated research objectives in compelling, peer-reviewed literature to indicate regional approaches addressing the causes of restricted water availability for rice production and the most-probable approaches for maintaining rice production to safe-guard food security and producer profitability. Thus, unique rice water management approaches are predicated on the region’s water quantity and quality environmental assessment.https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_54238_3f0b931ac3e4419a46bba08b037c093f.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357541320191201Half-diallel Analysis of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)2072234789310.21608/agro.2019.15916.1175ENMohamed B.AliAgronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, EgyptAmer F.MahmoudPlant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, EgyptJournal Article20190815TO CHARACTERIZE FHB resistance, a set of 48 advanced inbred lines (AILs) along with two Egyptian cultivars (Sakha-93 and Giza-168) were evaluated for their resistance to the FHB during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 under both greenhouse and field conditions. We identified some resistant AILs to the FHB including 37, 35 and 22 based on percentages of diseased spikelets under both greenhouse and field conditions and free phenolic compounds along with grain yield (GY) under the field condition. While most of the AILs were susceptible to the FHB. Three resistant AILs, three susceptible AILs and an Egyptian susceptible cultivar were crossed in a half–diallel mating system. The parents and the non–reciprocal F1 crosses were evaluated for their response to the FHB under infected conditions in both greenhouse and field conditions. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for all studied traits. Both additive and non–additive describes for resistance to the FHB; however, different calculations supported that additive gene action is the preponderant constituent. The moderately high estimates of narrow–sense heritability values implied that further improvement of the FHB resistance could be accomplished through selection. We found that AILs 22, 35 and 37 were good combiners and successfully conveyed their resistant genes to their offspring based on the SCA. These resistant AILs could be integrated in wheat breeding programs using bi-parental or multi-parental populations to develop new resistant varieties to FHB. In addition, they can be exploited to improve existing cultivars using backcrossing approach.https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_47893_c0ed01c17b6bf509f61347cd7be95cc0.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357541320191201Productivity of Intercropped Wheat with Faba Bean under Crop Sequences and Foliar Application of Humic Acid2252415423510.21608/agro.2019.14396.1167ENAlhoseinHamadaAgronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptWaelHamd-AllaDepartment of Crop Intensification Research, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190705INTERCROPPING cereal-legume (wheat + faba bean) is essential to enhance productivity per unit area, land use efficiency and decreasing the gap between production and consumption in Egypt. Furthermore, we are trying to find the best concentration of humic acid foliar application which could improve the production of wheat and faba bean. A field experiment was set with a combination of five crop sequences and intercropping systems (clover/wheat; wheat + faba bean; clover/wheat + faba bean; sole wheat; sole faba bean) in addition to, three foliar application treatments of humic acid at the rate of control (0.0), 2.0 and 4.0g/L. Results show that foliar application of humic acid and intercropping systems affected significantly all traits of wheat and faba bean except number of branches/plant and plant height in the first season for faba bean. The highest mean values of yield and its components of wheat were obtained when wheat was sown after clover under foliar application with 4g/L humic acid as compared with sole wheat with no foliar application in both seasons. The 2g/L humic acid and wheat + faba bean give higher land equivalent ratio and the lowest values of aggressivity. whereas the highest mean values of area time equivalent ratio and monetary advantage index were obtained from 4g/L humic acid foliar application with clover/wheat + faba bean in both seasons.https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_54235_e2108a3c92288177a6cb300d31fdc153.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357541320191201Response of Some Wheat Cultivars to Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and their Relation to Rust Diseases2432545424110.21608/agro.2019.14921.1169ENEssamGebrelWheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptMohamed AbdAllahGadWheat Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt0000-0003-0173-1959MohamedFaroukWheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190815APPLICATION of N- fertilizer could improve the performance of wheat cultivars and grain quality but is known to affect the level of rust diseases, with higher N correlated with increased disease severity. The present study was carried out during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 cropping seasons and aimed to determine the differential responses of the tested wheat cultivars to nitrogen fertilizer rates, to define the best fertilizer rate for agricultural improvement and to determine rust severity in wheat cultivars. Study were also determined compromised five fertilizer rates, i.e. 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100kg N fed-1 and three wheat cultivars, i.e. Gemmeiza 11, Shandaweel 1 and Giza 168. Results showed that the interaction effect between nitrogen levels and wheat cultivars was significant for spikes m-2, grains spike-1 and kernel weight. Gemmeiza 11 with 75kg N fed-1 achieved the highest 1000- kernel weight followed by Giza 168 then Shandaweel 1. For rust severity, Giza 168 and Shandaweel 1 were more resistant to rust diseases followed by Gemmeiza 11. Increased levels of N increased the severity of rust diseases during grain filling. Stripe and leaf rust decreased the yield of the rust-susceptible wheat cultivars. Analysis of agronomic data assured the expected outcomes of a positive association between N application and yield up to a certain level of N application. The study also approved that there are significant positive correlations between N rates and rust severity.https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_54241_c10e27fe4a5f8258942818aa0e6a7a7b.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357541320191201The Role of the Most Important Financial Institutions in the Development of Small and Micro Agricultural Projects in Egypt2552606261310.21608/agro.2019.16962.1180ENAhlam AhmedHassanDepartment of Agricultural Economics, National Research Center, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190916UNEMPLOYMENT and poverty in Egypt are the main problems that the Egyptian economy is experiencing in the labor market at present. So development and rural development in particular are essential, where the rural is the backbone of the Egyptian society to achieve social security and still represents the rural about 60% of population sentence in Egypt in 2016. Therefore, the problem of the study was poverty, hunger and unemployment, where the unemployment rate reached about 13% of the total population.<br />The research aimed to study the sources of financing small and micro enterprises, as well as the role and importance of financing institutions in the development of small and micro enterprises such as loans, facilities provided, the number of projects, projects types.<br />The results of the study showed that 85% of the jobs available in the economy through small and micro enterprises. The Ministry of Social Solidarity is the least resource in terms of the cost of the job opportunity, which amounted to about 2950.67LE for the job opportunity. All sources finance micro projects except the Small Enterprise Development Authority and the Agricultural Bank of Egypt are funded small and micro projects. The number of projects financed by the Small Enterprise Development Authority since its inception is higher than the number of projects financed from all other sources of financing.<br />Therefore, this study recommends encouragement of the financing sources mentioned above because its' projects are characterized by increasing the net profit and return.https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_62613_394da19f5ae7e6bc3c1015b6dcc6b176.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357541320191201Effectiveness of Sowing Dates and N Rates on Productivity of Two Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) Cultivars2612746261410.21608/agro.2019.16687.1179ENSalahEmamAgronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt0000-0003-3070-5012Journal Article20191018AT DAR-RAMAD Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Egypt, two field experiments were done during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons to investigate the effect of date of sowing and N rates on straw and seed yields of two Linum usitatissimum L. cultivars. The arrangement was done in split split-plot in RCBD with three replications. Date of sowing (i.e. November 10th, November 25th and December 10th) were allocated in the main plots. Flax cultivars (Sakha-1 and Sakha-2) occupied in the sub-plots, whereas, N rates (i.e., 35, 70, 105 and 140kg N ha-1) were distributed in the sub sub-plots. The obtained results showed that earlier sowing date in November 10th significantly overtop middle and late sowing dates for straw and seed yield and related traits. Sakha-1 significantly surpassed Sakha-2 in studied straw yield traits, while, Sakha-2 exceeded Sakha-1 in seed yield traits. Nitrogen rate at 140kg ha-1 gave significantly higher straw and seed yields than other N rates which significantly vary from each other and this is true in both seasons. The regression analysis of seed yield specified that there are three traits, i.e. seed index, number of capsules plant-1 and seed yield plant-1 in 1st season and two ones, i.e. seed index and number of capsules plant-1 in 2nd season were significantly participated (P≤ 0.001) in variation of seed yield ha-1.https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_62614_3ccb2527b78d99a75d483a9cdae32f77.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357541320191201Assessment of Early Drought Tolerance of Algerian Durum Wheat Reveals Superiority of Landraces2752926261510.21608/agro.2019.17341.1182ENRidhaBoudiarLaboratoire d’Amélioration et de Développement de la Production Végétale et Animale (LADPVA), University of Ferhat ABBAS (UFAS- Sétif1), Setif 19000, AlgeriaBiotechnology Research Center (CRBt), UV 03 BP E73, Nouvelle Ville Ali Mendjli, Constantine, AlgeriaAbdelhamidMekhloufLaboratoire d’Amélioration et de Développement de la Production Végétale et Animale (LADPVA), University of Ferhat ABBAS (UFAS- Sétif1), Setif 19000, AlgeriaAdelBachirTechnical Institute for Field Crops (ITGC), Sétif 19000, AlgeriaAmarRouabhiLaboratoire d’Amélioration et de Développement de la Production Végétale et Animale (LADPVA), University of Ferhat ABBAS (UFAS- Sétif1), Setif 19000, AlgeriaErnestoIgartuaEstación Experimental de Aula Dei, EEAD-CSIC. Avenida Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain0000-0003-2938-1719Journal Article20190925VIGOROUS seedling growth is important for good crop establishment, particularly under drought conditions. Our study was set out to identify useful traits and genotypes to enhance early drought tolerance of durum wheat. Two experiments were carried out. In the first one, thirty-five genotypes (Landrace and improved) were tested in a phytotron at germination and early seedling stages, subjected to three osmotic stress levels induced by polyethylene glycol PEG 6000 (0, -3, -6 bar). The second experiment was conducted in the field, with 27 out of the 35 genotypes. Root and shoot traits were measured at seedling stage in both experiments. High PEG 6000 treatment decreased final germination percentage (FGP) by 2.7% and delayed the time to reach 50% germination (t50) by 2.9h. Shoot length was the trait most affected by drought (40% reduction) as compared with other root traits, which even increased under drought, like root to shoot length ratio, root to shoot weight ratio, root dry weight and root number. Coleoptile length (CL) showed a contrasting relationship with other traits, it was negatively correlated in general under no stress, but with positive correlations under stress. Based on drought susceptibility index (DSI), Algerian wheat landraces were the most tolerant compared to modern genotypes. Correlations between traits measured in field and controlled conditions were low. CL could be a potential trait for screening drought tolerant genotypes. Algerian wheat landraces presented a clearly distinct ability for early drought tolerance, and could be a good resource for breeding programs.https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_62615_4fc1c488e4e802d717ef0bd4c393cde4.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357541320191201Modified Method for the Analysis of Genotype by Trait (Gt) Biplot as a Selection Criterion in Wheat under Water Stress Conditions2933126437110.21608/agro.2019.16580.1177ENE. A.M.Abd-El HamidWheat Research Section, Field Crop Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptM. A.AglanWheat Research Section, Field Crop Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptEman M.A.HusseinCentral Laboratory for Design and Statistical Analysis Research, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190904IN Egypt, water deficits have dramatically increased in recent years due to over-exploitation of this resource and other challenges. That restricts reduce or decrease its ability to accomplish economic development goals. The present investigation was conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station to assess the genetic behavior of 18 bread wheat genotypes during the two growing seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 under normal and water stress conditions. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results showed large values of broad-sense heritability (hb2) which coupled with high values of genetic advance as a percentage of the mean (GA %) at 10% selection intensity for grain filling rate (93% and 19.91%) and chlorophyll b (82% and 22.22%) in the normal condition, respectively. Regarding the water stress condition, the grain yield (89% and 18.74%) and 1000-grain weight (87% and 17.62%) and proline (93% and 27.87%) recorded the highest values of hb2 and GA%, respectively. Genotypes G18, G17, G4, and G13 were the best tolerant under water stress condition and considered as promising genotype in breeding programs according to a genotype by yield*trait (GYT) biplot graph. On the other hand, G12, G8, and G16 were identified as sensitive genotypes. Undoubtedly, GY*T biplot graph is preferred because of it easy to interpret and more informative to identify more accurate selection criteria using grain yield and its attributes.https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_64371_76b005bb40c4b30113e68ba31de712a8.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357541320191201Response of Some Wheat Cultivars to Sowing Dates and Biofertilizers under North West Coast of Egypt3133246526510.21608/agro.2019.19247.1192ENAhmedShaalanPlant production Department, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh, EgyptMohamed A.AttiaDepartment of Plant Production, Desert Research Center, El-Matarrya, Cairo, EgyptMohamed A.HassaanDepartment of Plant Production, Desert Research Center, El-Matarrya, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20191107TWO FIELD experiments were conducted during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 winter seasons at Fuka Research Station, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh Governorate (North West Coast of Egypt, N= 31<sup>o</sup> 04 ', E= 27<sup>o</sup> 54 '). This work aimed to evaluate the response of three wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>, L.) i.e.; Misr 2, Giza 168 and Sids 12 cultivars under three sowing dates (15th November, 30th November and 15<sup>th</sup> December and three treatments of biofertilizer (Control, Blue green algae (BGA) “Gorn 19” and Micobine). A split-split plot design with three replicates was used in both seasons. The main plots were devoted to three wheat cultivars and the sub plots were occupied by the three sowing dates whereas, the sub-sub plots were assigned to the three biofertilizer treatment. Field experiment results indicated that under Matrouh condition, Sids 12 cultivar, gave higher values for plant height, No. of grains/spike, 100 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index compare to other cultivars (Misr 2 and Giza 168). In addition, early sowing at Nov, 15 and using BGA as biofertilizer significantly increased all studied characters. Regression analysis for grain yield and yield components, results indicating that the highest effect for delayed sowing was detected for no. of spikes/m<sup>2</sup> (-1.37 and -1.40) while, the least effect was estimated for 100 grain weight (-0.86 and -1.54) for two seasons, respectively.https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_65265_413279ede287bdc5eaa3ca77081ee9d8.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357541320191201Agronomic Advancement in Nutrients Management for Sustaining Growth and Crop Contribution in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)3253426526710.21608/agro.2019.20045.1196ENMostafa M.SelimDepartment of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Field Crops Research, Agricultural Division, National Research Centre, Giza, EgyptN.Al-SuhaibaniDepartment of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaS.El-HendawyDepartment of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaA.A.AlderfasiDepartment of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20191124Challenges of the coming few years lies in the debate that agriculture can provide the world population with food needs, which are annually exceed and shortage increased. Unprecedented pressure placing on agriculture researchers invited them to concentrate their efforts to achieve food security. Field experiments in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications were conducted to evaluate fertilizers management in winter wheat production. Treatments included nine combinations of prepared decaying compost using three types of manure as activators and NPK fertilizers, the treatments were dual replicated two times, one with seed inoculation with mixture of nitrogen fixer bacteria (Azotobacter) and Phosphate Dissolving Bacteria (PDB) <em>(Pseudomonas</em> sp.) and the others without seed inoculation. Based on the results obtained, poultry litter manure followed by camel and sheep exceeded cow manure in most of the studied characters. Moreover, mixing the three types of composts (5 and10-ton ha -1) with the half dose of chemical fertilizers could compensate the reduce dose of inorganic fertilizers, even the reduction equals the half dose, and recorded supervision effect in growth contribution, photosynthetic productivity, accumulation, grain yield, yield component parameters and protein percentage. However, insignificant differences were detected due to further increase the doses of the three types of manures. Seed inoculation with biofertilizers enhanced plants to better growth and yield performances. Lastly, it could be concluded that, recycling of agriculture wastes to compost and using it in combination with NPK fertilizers is acceptable option and an effective practice could produce greater yield production with better quality.https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_65267_3e125dfb46dd61ffd1e0ea1b3897aebb.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Agronomy0379-357541320191201Effect of Different Sowing Dates on Quantity and Quality of Some Promising Sugar Beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) Varieties under North Delta, Condition3433546687810.21608/agro.2019.20126.1197ENMirvatGobarahField Crops Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza , EgyptM. MoursyHusseinWater Relations & Irrigation Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, EgyptM.M.TawfikField Crops Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza , EgyptAmal G.AhmedField Crops Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza , EgyptManal F.MohamedField Crops Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza , EgyptJournal Article20191126MANY agronomic practices must be need modified to maximize quantity and quality of sugarbeet crop. Two field experiments were sconducted at Belkas town, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, near Dakahlia Sugar Company, during two successive winter seasons 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. A comparative study was conducted to assess the performance and stability of four multigerm sugar beet varieties (<em>Beeta vulgaris</em> L.), i.e. Dema-Poly, Pleno, Glloria and Ras-Poly in relation to three sowing dates, i.e. 1st September, 1st October and 1st November as well as their interaction to select the superior varieties in respect to highest yield and quality with suitable both early and late swing dates. A split-plot design with four replications was used. Results of study revealed that different sowing dates have significant effect on all beet characters. Sowing sugar beet plants at 1st October was significantly associated with the highest yields of root and sugar as well as quality traits in terms of sucrose (S%), purity % and recoverable sugar (R S%). On the other hand, leaf area index (LAI) and top yield ton/fed (fed= 4200m2) significantly decreased with delayed sowing dates. Sowing sugar beet plants at 1st September associated with maximum total soluble solids (T.S.S%) and impurities content, i.e. Na %, K %, α-amino N % as well as sucrose loss to molasses (SLM %) compared with late sowing date. Also, results clearly showed that the variances due to sugar beet varieties were significantly in all studied traits. Ras-Poly variety recorded the highest values of root dimension (cm), root fresh weight (gm/plant), root yield (RY) ton/fed, white sugar yield (WSY) ton/fed, sucrose %, purity % and recoverable sugar (RS%) followed by Dema-poly and Glloria in a descending order in both seasons. While, Glloria variety produced the maximum LAI and top yield (TY) ton/fed. The highest values of impurities content, i.e. Na %, K %, and α-amino-N %, as well as sucrose loss to molasses (SLM%) were recorded with planting Pleno variety on 1st September. Generally, sowing Ras-poly variety at the optimum date on 1st October produced the highest root, white sugar yields and lowest impurities content followed by Dema-poly and Glloria. While, the highest values of LAI and top yield ton/fed were obtained when Glloria variety planted on early date followed by Pleno variety under studied environmental conditions.https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_66878_e3d542e542cb9a597aa47a1581c2190b.pdf