ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Response of some yellow maize crosses to N- fertilizer rates and plant densities at Toshka Region
Field studies were conducted at Toshka region , South Valley of Egypt , during the summer of 2014 and 2015 seasons to evaluate the some yellow maize single crosses, i.e. SC-162, SC-168 and SC-176 under three plant population densities of (21000 , 27300 and 33600 plants/fed.) and three nitrogen fertilizer levels (90,120 and 150 Kg N/fed.) . The main results can be summarized as follows: - The results showed that N- rates were significant in all characters under study, whether growth characters' , grain yield and protein content and the nitrogen use efficiency (NUS) except leaf area of the top most ear/plant. Nitrogen use efficiency has resulted in an average of 150 kg N / fed to the significant increase in grain yield and recorded value of 4340 and 4235 kg / fed.in 2014 and 2015 respectively , while the decreased NUS when using 150 kg N / fed in both seasons . - As well as that the greater the plant densities there was a significant effect in the studied characters except leaf area of the top most ear/plant , ear length , ear diameter , number of grains/row , protein content . The increase in plant density from 21,000 to 33,600 plant/fed. to an increase in grain yield of 13.44 and 17.27 % in seasons 2014 and 2015 season . - All characters under study were not significant between single crosses except ear length , NUE and grain yield during the 2014 season , where he gave the hybrid Sc 176 higher values 4246.6 kg / fed of grain yield in the first season. - The effect of interactions between-rates and plant densities significantly in plant height and NUE in both seasons, grain yield in the 2015 season . The highest grain yield (4510.8 Kg/fed.) when using 150 kg N and cultivation of 33,600 plant / fed . The interaction between plant density and maize hybrids were significantly as ear length, grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in the 2014 season and the 500-grain weight during the 2015 season. The results also showed that there was a significant between the three factors in the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency through the 2014 season and ear length 2015 season where he recorded the highest value of the nitrogen use efficiency using 90 kg N /fed +33.600 plant/fed + SC 176. - Economic study showed that the highest net return obtained from the addition of 150 kg N / fed with the use of plant density rate of 33 600 plant/fed. and cultivation of hybrid SC 176 . Through the results obtained can be recommended using 150 kg N , plant density of 33,600 plant/fed. and the cultivation of hybrid SC 176 to get the highest grain yield /fed .
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_1273_be9c0531d0f15b285047aa9e29d0853e.pdf
2016-12-01
337
354
10.21608/agro.2016.1273
nitrogen fertilizer
Cultuivars
Plant desities
Abdelmoniem
Awadalla
nidocpub6@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University
AUTHOR
Ahmed Salah
Morsy
drahmed1122@yahoo.com
2
Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resurces, Aswan Univeersity
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) yield and yield components influenced by nitrogen and foliar micronutrient applications in the Fayoum region, Egypt
This study investigates nitrogen and foliar micronutrient applications to Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and their influence on yield and selected yield components. Also, determining the variation of contributions traits with seed yield of Sohag1 sesame variety under studied treatments in newly reclaimed soil condition. The experiment was conducted in split-plot design with three replications during the 2013 and 2014 growing summer seasons with four nitrogen rates as the main treatment and three rates of foliar micronutrients as sub plots. Results indicated that significant N levels and application of mixture of foliar micronutrients treatments for all studied traits in both seasons. The higher nitrogen rate 80 kg fed-1 (fed.=0.42ha) gave the highest averages for most traits except oil percentage was decreased in higher N level rate. Also, application of 400 g/fed foliar micronutrients led to increase for all studies traits, and the interaction between 80 kg N /fed with 400 g/fed foliar microelement gave the highest means for all studies traits in both seasons except harvest index was 60 kg fed-1 with 400 g/fed in the 1st season and 40 kg fed-1 with 400 g/fed in 2nd season. On the other hand, the highest value of oil percentage was recorded due to the interaction between 20 kg N /fed and 400 g/fed foliar micronutrients. According, the path way analysis of different traits contribute to seed yield per feddan show that the plant height followed by seed yield/plant and harvest index exhibited high positive direct effects, while the number of capsules /plant through weight of capsules and through seed yield /plant followed by seed yield /plant through weight of capsules /plant exhibited high positive the indirect effect.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_1274_d5183b300978a315e7bf6a11de92ed71.pdf
2016-12-01
355
367
10.21608/agro.2016.1274
sesame
nitrogen
foliar spraying
Yield and yield components
Path coefficient analysis
Ahmed
El-Sherif
ama16@fayoum.edu.eg
1
Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Response of different wheat genotypes to drought and heat stresses during grain filling stage
The present study was carried out to study the performance of durum and bread wheat genotypes in relation to grain filling process, under water and heat stresses. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replicates at Fuka Research Station, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh Governorate (North West Coast of Egypt) in 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 winter seasons. Environmental conditions were considered as the main plots and included four environments (normal, drought, heat, heat and drought conditions). Sub plots were assigned to fourteen durum and bread wheat genotypes. The results revealed significant variations between studied environments for number of grains per spike (NGS), one-hundred grain weight (HGW) and grain yield (GY). However, number of fertile tiller (NFT) was insignificantly influenced by environments. Wheat varieties significantly differed for the studied four traits, whereas, the environment x variety interaction significantly influenced NFT and GY only in both seasons. Grain yield, as an average of the two seasons, was reduced by 26.03, 43.07 and 58.28 percentages at drought, heat and combined drought and heat, respectively, compared to normal conditions. All wheat genotypes suffered with application of combined drought and heat stresses in both seasons. Wheat genotypes varied in their response to heat stress conditions where Beni suef 3 and Sohag 3 (durum wheat) and Sids 1 and Giza 168 (bread wheat) showed comparatively higher tolerance to heat stress. In addition, stability analysis revealed a differential response of wheat varieties (b value) to individual or combined drought and heat stress.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_1275_7896dd8dd94240a418c952d48b8838e2.pdf
2016-12-31
369
387
10.21608/agro.2016.1275
Wheat
Drought stress
heat stress
stress index
stability
Sanaa
I.M. Milad
s.i.milad@hotmail.com
1
Biotechnology Lab, Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, El Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Ali
I. Nawar
dr-alinawar@hotmail.com
2
Biotechnology Lab, Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, El Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Shaalan
ahmedmahgoub@mau.edu.eg
3
assistant professor - Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture- Alexandria University - Matrouh Branch
LEAD_AUTHOR
Moustafa
Eldakak
m.eldakak@hotmail.com
4
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, El Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Jai
S. Rohila
ahmedshaalan79@hotmail.com
5
Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Heat stress impact and genetic diversity among some bread wheat genotypes
Wheat is the most widely grown crop in the world especially in the developing countries. Recently, the climatological extremes including high temperatures is predicted to have a general negative effect on wheat production due to the damaging effect on plant development especially during anthesis stage. Heat tolerance is a complex trait and influenced by different components. A panel of 40 wheat genotypes were evaluated for 8 yield and yield-contributing traits under recommended sowing date of the Egyptian ministry of agriculture as a control and two other different sowing dates as plants will face heat-stressed conditions at anthesis and grain-filling phases. All measured phenotypic traits exhibited highly significant differences both among evaluated accessions and sowing dates in both growing seasons. A continuous phenotypic variation in all measured traits were found, indicating a polygenic inheritance of measured traits. The ANOVA revealed highly significant genotype × environment interaction which is expected for quantitative traits. Cluster analysis revealed two distinct groups with respect to stress tolerance index with substantial diversity among genotypes either susceptible or tolerant to heat stress. Cophenetic correlation between ultrametric similarities of tree and similarity matrix was found to be relatively high (r = 0.76, P < 0.01), suggesting that the cluster analysis strongly represents the similarity matrix.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_1276_417e24c21fe3054de24db0848a6fd047.pdf
2016-12-31
389
412
10.21608/agro.2016.1276
Wheat
Triticum
heat stress
cluster analysis
Alhosein
Hamada
a.hamada@aun.edu.eg
1
Lecturer, Department of Agronomy , Faculty of Agriculture, ِِAssiut University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Khalid
Ibrahim
kh_ibrahim75@aun.edu.eg
2
Lecturer at Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, New valley, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Additive intercropping of wheat, barley, and faba bean with sugar beet: Impact on yield, quality and land use efficiency
Two field experiments were conducted during the winter seasons of 2013 and 2014, at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. Main aim was to study the effect of intercropping sugar beet with wheat, barley, and faba bean on the yield and some quality attributes of sugar beet and the used companion crops. In addition, to examine the effectiveness of intercropping using the new index – dry matter equivalent ratio (DMER) - in comparison to the traditional land equivalent ratio (LER) that was also investigated. The field trials were laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The three companion crop (wheat, barley, and faba bean) percentages (50, 75, and 100%) were tested in the main plots, while the sub plots were assigned to testing the variations among the seven intercropping patterns. Results revealed that the leaf area (m2), root yield (ton ha-1), harvest index and sugar yield (ton ha-1) of sugar beet were significantly affected by the interaction between the companion crop species and percentage in both seasons. Pure stands of sugar beet were superior in the four traits (leaf area, root yield, harvest index and sugar yield) followed by sugar beet intercropped with the lowest companion crops percentage. Intercropping with cereals (wheat and barley) resulted in slightly better values for these traits than intercropping with faba bean. Grain yields of wheat and barley and seed yield of faba bean reached the maximum in the pure stands and reduced by reducing the intercropping percentages of the three companion crops. On the contrary, number of pods and 100-seed weight of faba bean followed an opposite trend and reduced by increasing the intercropping percentages. Values of LER were greater than 1.00 in any intercropping system of sugar beet with wheat, barley, and faba bean, indicating an advantage of the intercropping patterns for land usage and yield gain. However, when determining the yield gain in terms of DMER, it was found that only in case of intercropping sugar beet with wheat there was a yield gain (DMER > 1). On the other hand, when intercropping sugar beet with barley and faba bean, there was loss in the overall produced yield (DMER < 1), indicating a severe competition between the sugar beet and the two companion crops. The DMER provided more realistic idea about the effect of intercropping, compared to the LER.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_1277_059189793ec86317256e2a0bf197861b.pdf
2016-12-31
413
430
10.21608/agro.2016.1277
Intercropping
Sugar beet
Wheat
Barley
Faba bean
Heba
Salama
heba1942001@yahoo.com
1
Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture - Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Dina
El-Karamity
dina_elkaramity@yahoo.com
2
Ministry of Justice, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ali
Nawar
dralinawar@yahoo.com
3
Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Estimation of combining ability and gene action for yield contributing traits in spring barley under normal and salinity conditions
Large proportion of the total land area in the world is salt-affected. Breeding for high yielding-varieties under normal and salinity conditions present an important solution for increasing the production and reduce the gap between production and consumption of cereal crops. Half diallel analysis among eight diverse spring barley genotypes was performed to provide information on general and specific combining ability, gene action and heritability for different agronomic traits under normal and salinity conditions. The used genotypes were four commercially cultivars (Giza 123, Giza 126, Giza 132 and Giza 2000) and the other four were introduced from ICARDA (Australian, CHK 38, CHK 2 and CHK 53). The parents were grown and crossed during 2014-2015 in the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture (Ghazala), Zagazig University, Egypt. In second season the derived seeds from crosses and parents were sown at two distinct locations. The first was in Ghazala as normal condition and the other was under salinity condition in the Experimental Farm of Desert Research Center, Ras-Sudr Research Station, South Sinai, Egypt, with salinity in irrigation water and soil containing 4500 ppm and 5535 ppm, respectively. Both experiments were in randomized complete block design with three replications. The measured traits were; plant height (cm), spike length (cm), number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike (g), 100 grain weight (g) and grain yield per plant (g). Diallel analysis was performed for each environment separately. Analysis of variance indicated that there were highly significant differences between parental genotypes and theirs F1 crosses for all studied traits. General (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability effects were highly significant under both conditions for all traits. The genotypes; P3 (Australian) and P6 (CHK 53) showed good performance as well as good GCA effects under salinity condition, while P4 (CHK 38) and P8 (Giza 2000) under normal one and P2 (Giza 126), P5 (CHK 2) and P7 (Giza 132) under both conditions. The cross combinations; P3×P5, P3×P8 and P5×P8 exhibited good performance and significant positive SCA effects for grain yield and its attributes under salinity, while P2×P7, P3×P4, P4×P7, P5×P7 P6×P7 and P7×P8 under both conditions. The variance due to SCA was higher than that of GCA for all the traits except plant height and number of spikes per plant under salinity condition and 100 grain weight under normal condition. The components of genetic variance suggested more contribution of the dominance effects in the inheritance of the studied traits compared to additive ones. Narrow sense heritability values changed from environment to another, it ranged from low to moderate (4.62% to 31.96). The low values due to excess of dominance effect as well as great effect of the environmental factors in the genetic control of the studied traits. Wr-Vr graphs showed high degree of genetic diversity for parents with different degrees of dominance and different distribution of dominant and recessive alleles in the parental material for all traits under both conditions.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_1282_09656c73160b733aef8d87a0116bc8d3.pdf
2016-12-31
431
483
10.21608/agro.2016.252.1025
salinity stress
diallel analyses
Combining ability
gene action
Wr-Vr Graph
Elsayed
Mansour
sayed_mansour_84@yahoo.es
1
Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ehab
Moustafa
ehab.soudi@yahoo.com
2
Genetic Resources Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo 11753, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of salicylic acid on ion distribution, enzymatic activity and some agromorphological characteristics of wheat under salt-affected soil
A Field Experiment carried out to examine the effects of soil salinity on morphological and physiological characters of two wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance and the modulation of ion distribution and activities of antioxidant enzyme by exogenous application of salicylic acid under salt-affected soil. The experiment was designed in split plot design. Two wheat cultivars including Sakha93 (salt-tolerant) and Gemmiza9 (salt-sensitive) were assigned in main plots. Three levels of salicylic acid including (0, 100 and 200 mg L-1) were allocated to the subplots in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons. Salt-tolerant cultivar (Sakha93) showed higher morphological and physiological characters than salt sensitive one (Gemmiza9). Exogenous application of salicylic acid maintained lower Na+ concentration with higher K+/Na+ ratio in flag leaf blade in Sakha93 as compared to Gemmiza9. Exogenous application of salicylic acid increased K+ and decreased Na+ in Gemmiza9 as compared to untreated plants. Side by side, the improvement of ion distribution might be due to increment in activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) by exogenous higher salicylic acid level (200 mg L-1) in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons. It could be concluded that exogenous application of 200 mg SA L-1 has effective impact in increasing yield-traits and grain yield under salt-affected soil condition.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_1284_634f4b935b1275dc8d152b45520f87e5.pdf
2016-12-31
455
469
10.21608/agro.2016.1284
Wheat
Salicylic acid
K+/Na+
catalase
peroxidase
Emad
Hafez
emadhafez2014@gmail.com
1
Kafrelsheikh university
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Diallel analysis and genetic diversity of some yellow maize inbred lines (Zea mays L.) using RAPD and SSR markers
Information about combining ability and genetic diversity among maize inbred lines is fundamental in designing breeding strategies for improving grain yield. Twenty one F1 hybrids were generated by crossing seven yellow maize inbred lines in a half diallel mating scheme in 2013 season. The 21 F1 hybrids plus the two check hybrids (SC166 and SC173) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2014 season, to estimate combining ability effects and identify type of gene action governing the inheritance of grain yield and other important agronomic traits. Results showed that both general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability mean squares were highly significant for all the studied characters. The GCA/SCA ratio was more than unity for all the studied traits, except days to 50% silking, plant height and grain yield, indicating the preponderance of the additive gene effects in the inheritance of these traits. The inbred line P1 appeared to be the best general combiner for earliness, grain yield and its components. The crosses P1×P2, P3×P7, P4×P7, and P5×P6 had the best SCA effects for grain yield and most of its component traits. The cross P1×P2 significantly out-yielded the two check hybrids (SC166 and SC173). The genetic diversity among the seven yellow parental inbred lines was assessed using two types of molecular markers; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). Seven random primers were used in the RAPD reactions, resulting in the amplification of 82 bands with 95.12% polymorphism. While, eight pairs of SSR primers were used and resulted in 49 fragments with 100% polymorphism. Genetic similarity among all possible pairs of inbred lines varied from 0.12 to 0.69, with an average of 0.34, for RAPD markers, and from 0.01 to 0.56, with an average of 0.24, for SSR markers. The similarity matrices for RAPD and SSR data were not significantly correlated (r=0.34, p >0.05). Genetic distances based on RAPD and SSR markers were insignificantly correlated with F1 hybrids grain yield, the correlation values being (r =0.02 and 0.429 P>0.05), respectively. Therefore, the parental genetic distance could not be used to predict the grain yield of the F1 hybrids in this study.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_1287_059ea48dc4477ac0875f3a679fe525c8.pdf
2016-12-31
471
488
10.21608/agro.2016.1287
Maize
Combining ability
Genetic Distance
RAPD
SSR
Medhat
Rehan
medhat.rehan@agr.kfs.edu.eg
1
Genetics Dep., Faculty of Agriculture 33516, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mohamed
kamara
dr_wagid1212@yahoo.com
2
13 شارع الاندلس تقسيم زهدى کر الشيخ
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of faba bean sowing distance and some combinations of mineral nitrogen levels with bio-fertilizers on sugar beet and faba bean productivity under intercropping system
ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted at Sakha Agric. Res. Station, Kafer EL-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons to study the relative advantage of intercropping faba bean (variety Giza 643) with sugar beet (variety Geloria) and its impact on yield and quality attributes of both crops. A split plot design with three replications was used. The treatments of faba bean sowing distance (10, 20 and 30 cm) allocated in the main plots, while, the ten combination of nitrogen levels with bio fertilizers (90, 72, 54, 36 kg N/fed., 72, 54, 36 kg N/fed. + Cerealine, 72, 54, 36 kg N/fed. + Rizobacterine) were arranged in sub plots, the obtained results showed that: The planting space of 30 cm gave the greatest values of number of branches/ plant, number of pods /plant, number of seeds/plant, weight of 100 seeds, straw yield/fed., seeds yield/fed., protein percent, root diameter (cm), fresh leaves weight/plant, fresh root weight/plant, dry leaves weight /plant, dry root weight /plant and root yield/fed (ton fed.-1). in both seasons and at number of leaves /plant in the first seasons only, while the planting space of 10 cm recorded the lowest values in all previous characters. The treatment of 36 kg N level showed the lowest values at plant height (cm), number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, weight of 100 seeds (gm), seeds yield (ton fed.-1), protein percent of faba bean, number of leaves /plant, root length (cm), root diameter (cm), fresh leaves weight/plant, fresh root weight/plant, dry leaves weight /plant, dry root weight /plant, root yield/fed (ton fed.-1), sugars percent (%), purity percent and TSS (%) of sugar beet in the two growing seasons, while the treatments both of 90 and 72 kg mineral nitrogen as individual or 72 kg mineral nitrogen in combination with Cerealine or Rizobacterien recorded the highest significant values at all mentioned previous characters in both seasons. The interaction between 30 cm sowing distance of faba bean with both of 90 and 72 kg mineral nitrogen as individual or 72 kg mineral nitrogen in combination with Cerealine or Rizobacterien in both growing seasons recorded the highest values of the all studied characters while, the lowest values of those characters were recorded at the interaction between 10 cm faba bean sowing distance 36 kg mineral nitrogen as individual in both growing seasons. The highest values of Relative yield (RY), LER and net income of faba bean and sugars beet were obtained from the interaction between 30 cm sowing distance of faba bean with both 90 and 72 kg mineral nitrogen as individual or in combination with Cerealine or Rizobacterien in both seasons. It could be concluded that the highest productivity and best total net income of faba bean and sugars beet resulted from planting of faba bean at distance 30 cm under intercropping system with sugar beet with application of 72 kg mineral nitrogen in combination with bio fertilizers (Cerealine or Rizobacterien).
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_1296_35e4ec5ccac4f930b5c81cfa13ec6abb.pdf
2016-12-31
489
507
10.21608/agro.2017.291.1030
Nitrogen and Bio fertilizer
Faba bean
Intercropping
sowing distance
Sugar beet
Moshira
Elshamy
moshiraahmed8@gmail.com
1
Crop intensification Res. Sec., Field Crops Res. Inst., ARC, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Hamadny
dmohamedamer@yahoo.com
2
Crop intensification Res. Sec., Field Crops Res. Inst., ARC, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ayman
ahmed
ayman_agronomy@yahoo.com
3
agronomy Dept., Fac. of Agric. kafrelsheikh unive.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of irrigation regimes at different growth stages on development and yield in Maize (Zea mays, L.)
The maize (Zea mays, L.) was grown on a clay soil at Irrigation Development Area of Alwezaria, Kafrelshiekh, Egypt, during 2012 and 2013 seasons, to study the effect of irrigation regimes during different growth stages on growth, grain yield and water relations. Irrigation was applied at 50% (high level, H) and 65% (low level, L) depletion of available soil moisture (DAM) during different growth stages [vegetative stage (S1) from the third leaf (V3) to onset tasseling (VT) stages, reproductive stage I (S2) from VT to mid-milk (R3) stages, reproductive stage II (S3) from mid R3 to physiological maturity (R6)]. IHHH treatment (Irrigated at 50% DAM during three growth stages) or IHHL (Irrigated with 65% DAM at S3 stage only and 50% DAM was used during S1 and S2 growth stages), ILHH (Irrigated with 65% DAM at S1 growth stage only and 50% DAM was observed during S2 and S3 growth stages) and ILHL (Irrigated with 50% DAM at S2 growth stage only and 65% DAM was observed during S1 and S3 growth stages) resulted in significant increase in leaf area index (LAI) and dry weight/plant at 99 days after sowing (DAS), crop growth rate (CGR) at the period of 81-99 DAS, ear length, ear diameter, kernels number/ear, grain weight/ear, 100-grain weight and grain yield compared with ILLL (Irrigated with 65% DAM during three growth stages ) in the two seasons. There were no significant differences in grain yield among the irrigation treatments IHHH, IHHL, ILHH and ILHL in the mentioned traits in both seasons. Abundance soil moisture in root zone during S2 stage (containing tasseling, silking, blister and mid-milk stages) is necessary to achieve high grain yield equal to that during entire season. IHHH treatment recorded the highest values of applied water (7286 and 7321m3/ha), while ILLL recorded the lowest values 6171 and 6198 m3/ha in the two seasons. Although, the treatments received irrigation at 50% DAM during S2 stage (IHHL, ILHH and ILHL treatments) were equivalent to those received irrigation at 50% DAM during entire seasons (IHHH treatment), they were lower in amount of applied irrigation water and water consumptive use. They saved at least 11.3, 16.0 and 19.9% applied water parallel with the yield decrease at the most 3.1, 3.2 and 5.3% than IHHH treatment, respectively. Also, they increased the productivity of applied water (WPwater applied) and water consumptive use (WP WCU) (kg grain/m3 water) compared with IHHH in both seasons. At North Delta, Penman Monteith equation can be used in determining the actual consumptive use and the average of crop Coefficient (Kc) for the two seasons was found to be 0.43, 0.54, 0.64, 0.58 and 0.51 during emergence, vegetative, tasseling to milk, milk to dent and dent to maturity stages, respectively. Therefore, when irrigation water becomes a limited factor for agriculture, we can apply ILHL treatment which resulted in high grain yield and water productivity equal to IHHH with less amount of applied irrigation water and consumptive use in Kafrelshiekh Governorate.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_1297_c956e32ac96917d33a09a177fa5514fb.pdf
2016-12-31
509
530
10.21608/agro.2016.1297
Evapotranspiration
growth stages
water consumptive use
Water stress
Maize
Hany
Gharib
hanysony@yahoo.com
1
Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmed
El-Henawy
aelhenawy@agr.kfs.edu.eg
2
Soil Dept., Fac. Agric., Kafrelshiekh University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Meleha
hanysony@agr.kfs.edu.eg
3
Water Management Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Productivity response to plant density in five Sorghum bicolor varieties in dry environments
DRYLAND characterizes by low fertility and poor structure. For sustainable agriculture, it needs some technologies application such as suitable variety and plant density for crop management to enhance crop performance. To study yield behavior under such conditions, two field trials were conducted using five sweet sorghum varieties (Brandes; V1, Honey; V2, Gk Áron; V3, Róna 1; V4 and GK Csaba; V5) and three plant densities (111000; D1, 133000; D2 and 166000; D3 plants ha-1). Results indicated that all varieties differed significantly in all tested parameters; growth, juice quality and yield and its components. Of all investigated varieties, the most productive was V1, while V5 was the least. Ethanol yield was recorded highest values with V1 over two seasons. On other side, V5 flowered 25 days earlier than V1. Time of 50% flowering and yields were increased with increase in plant density. The integrated V1×D3 found to be the best treatment generating highest ethanol (biofuel), yields and seed index over two studied seasons. Therefore, this integrated treatment is recommended for dry environments.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_1298_7fc1683536b49470e8f0b5ce5452a395.pdf
2016-12-31
531
546
10.21608/agro.2016.302.1032
Sweet sorghum
varieties
plant density
yield and quality
Dryland
Mostafa
Rady
mmr02@fayoum.edu.eg
1
Botany Dept., Fac. Agric., Fayoum Univ., 63514 Fayoum, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Mekdad
aam07@fayoum.edu.eg
2
Agronomy Dept., Fac. Agric., Fayoum Univ., 63514 Fayoum, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Productivity of different patterns for maize and forage millet intercropping under periodical cutting systems
Abstract: A two year study was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Alexandria University, Egypt to investigate the productivity of maize and forage millet sown in different intercropping patterns, i.e, Rep 4:2 (four ridges of maize alternating with two ridges of millet), Rep 2:1 (two ridges of maize alternating with 1 ridge of millet), Add 1 (sowing of millet on the other side of the third and sixth ridges of maize) and Add 2 (sowing millet on the other side of the fifth, sixth, eleventh and twelfth ridges of maize). Forage millet was cut at three different periodical cutting systems, i.e, C1: 40-40-40, C2: 45-30-45 and C3: 45-45-30 days. The experimental design was split plot where intercropping patterns occupied the main plots and periodical cutting systems were allocated to the sub plots. Additive intercropping patterns (Add 1 and Add 2) had taller maize plants, yielded more grain yield and harvest index than replacement intercropping patterns (Rep 4:2 and Rep 2:1). Average grain yield reached 6.31, 6.13, 5.71 and 5.98 t/ha for the four intercropping patterns, respectively. Periodical cutting systems varied significantly in grain yield of maize where C1 yielded 6.35 t/ha, compared to C2 (5.95 t/ha) and C3 (5.78 t/ha) as an average of the two seasons. Association of maize and millet in additive patterns significantly reduced forage production compared to replacement patterns. Average total fresh weight of forage recorded 13.23, 11.30, 5.22 and 5.53 t/ha for Rep 4:2, Rep 2:1, Add 1 and Add 2 patterns, respectively. The total fresh forage weight reached 8.51, 7.84 and 10.11 t/ha for C1, C2 and C3, respectively. The dry matter equivalent ratio indicated a slight increase in total dry matter production, for the additive compared to replacement intercropping patterns.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_1299_b3062d0b2d59dad38a9fa57c81ee6fa5.pdf
2016-12-31
547
557
10.21608/agro.2016.1299
Maize
Millet
Intercropping
yield
periodical cutting systems
Ahmed
Shaalan
ahmedmahgoub@mau.edu.eg
1
assistant professor - Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture- Alexandria University - Matrouh Branch
LEAD_AUTHOR
mohamed
M. El-salamouni
dr_ahmedmahgoub@hotmail.com
2
Intertek Company for Cargo Inspection, Alexandria, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Studying the nutritive profile of guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] harvested at different ages and its potential as a summer forage legume in Egypt
The current study was carried out at the experimental station of the faculty of agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, during the summer of 2013 and 2015. The study aimed to assess the nutritive value of guar cut at three plant ages; 45, 60 and 75 days after sowing (DAS), to be used as alternative animal feed for low quality cereal fodder crops in the summer season in Egypt. Guar harvested at 45 and 60 DAS had higher nitrogen (N) accumulation and lower concentration of cell wall components; especially, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose, showing superior quality compared with that harvested at 75 DAS. On the other hand, the dry matter (DM) content significantly increased with maturity, whereas it was significantly low in plants harvested at 45 DAS (232.54 g kg-1) and 60 DAS (265.87 g kg-1) making them not suitable for ensiling. The hay quality indices; namely, relative feed value (RFV), and relative forage quality (RFQ) were also evaluated along the three harvesting ages. Results demonstrated that, despite the statistical significance in RFV and RFQ in favour of the early harvests, all harvests produced hay of similar quality according to the American Forage and Grassland Council (AFGC) for hay quality standards. The three harvesting intervals of guar produced “Grade 1” and “Premium” category hay, with regard to the RFV and RFQ grading, respectively.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_1300_250c1815a63eecc2af2d67fd7c3476f1.pdf
2016-12-31
559
568
10.21608/agro.2016.349.1035
guar
Harvesting age
fiber fractions
RFV
RFQ
Heba
Salama
heba1942001@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of Agriculture - Alexandria University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Nawar
dralinawar@yahoo.com
2
Crop Science Department Faculty of Agriculture Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Alleviating the adverse effect of salinity on Maize by the ameliorative effect of salicylic acid
Two experiments in cemented plots were carried out during 2012 and 2013 summer seasons at Soil Salinity and Alkalinity Laboratory, Alexandria, Egypt, to study the effect of three levels of irrigation water salinity (0.5, 2.75, 5.5 dS/m) and foliar application of salicylic acid (0, 100, 200 ppm) on growth, grain yield, and yield components of Maize. Split plot with four replicates was the experimental design. The results revealed that at mid-season, irrigation with saline water significantly decreased plant height (cm), plant fresh weight (g), and plant dry weight (g). However, number of leaves/plant, leaves area/plant (m2), and leaf area index were not significantly affected. Also, at mid-season foliar spraying with salicylic acid significantly increased plant fresh weight (g), and plant dry weight (g). However, plant height (cm), number of leaves/plant, leaves area/plant (m2), and leaf area index were not significantly affected. At end-season irrigation with saline water significantly decreased ear height (cm), ear weight (g), number of grains/row, 100 kernel weight (g), grain yield (g/plot), biological yield (g/plot), straw yield (g/plot), and harvest index while number of rows/ear was not significantly affected. Also, at end-season foliar application of salicylic acid significantly increased all the studied parameters except for ear height (cm), number of rows/ear, and harvest index. The interaction between salinity and salicylic acid was not significant for all the studied parameters except for grain yield meaning that every factor is acting independently from each other. In conclusion, salicylic acid could be used as an antioxidants or potential growth regulator to improve corn growth and grain yield under salinity conditions.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_1366_9f4861f4d68f6672c7aed707a1922df0.pdf
2016-12-31
569
577
10.21608/agro.2017.362.1037
Irrigation Water
salinity
Salicylic acid
corn
growth regulators
Omar
Ibrahim
dromarnrc@gmail.com
1
Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and ‎Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ali
Gafaar
dr_aagaafar@yahoo.com
2
‎Soil Salinity and Alkalinity Laboratory, Soil, Water, and Environment Research Institute, ‎ Agricultural Research center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Bakry
Bakry
bakry_ahmed2004@yahoo.com
3
field Crops Res. Dept., National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza, &lrm; Egypt P.O.12622&lrm;
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
EL- Karamany
karamanynrc@yahoo.com
4
‎field Crops Res. Dept., National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza, ‎ Egypt P.O.12622‎
AUTHOR