ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Irrigation Intervals on Growth, Productivity and Quality of Some Yellow Maize Genotypes
TWO FIELD experiments were done at Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El- Kom, Egypt, during 2018 and 2019 seasons to study the effect of 3 irrigation intervals, i.e., irrigation every 12 (I1), 17 (I2) and 22 days (I3) on growth, productivity and quality of 6 yellow maize genotypes (G), i.e., S.C 178, S.C 176, S.C 168, T.W.C 368, T.W.C 360 and T.W.C 352. The results could be summarized as follows:1- Increasing irrigation intervals from 12 up to 17 and 22 days significantly decreased number and area of leaves and leaves, stem and total dry weight/plant, total chlorophyll, relative water content (RWC), plant height, length and diameter of ear, number and weight of grains/ear, 100 grain weight as well as grain, stover and biological yields/fed, protein and oil % and yields/fed, but significantly increased proline content in leaves in both seasons.2- S.C 168 G surpassed the other genotypes in area and dry weight of leaves/plant, grain yield/fed, crop and harvest indices as well as protein yield/fed. T.W.C 368 G was superior in stem and total dry weight/plant, plant height, ear diameter, no.of grains/ear,100-grain weight as well as stover and biological yields/fed. However, S.C 168 G and T.W.C 368 G recorded the best values of RWC, no.of ears/plant, grain weight/ear, protein% and oil yield/fed as compared with the other genotypes. The highest significant values of proline content and no.of leaves/plant were obtained by T.W.C 352 G and T.W.C 360 G, respectively in both seasons.3- Maize genotypes S.C 168 as well as T.W.C 360 and T.W.C 352 under I2 and T.W.C 368 under either I2 or I3 had the lowest values of relative yield reduction and drought suS.Ceptibility index (< 1), indicating that those genotypes are relatively drought tolerant genotypes compared to other tested genotypes in our experiment condition.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_92870_42b8de82786f8366739267f2c9c353e9.pdf
2020-08-01
105
122
10.21608/agro.2020.26309.1207
Drought stress
Grain yellow genotypes
Irrigation intervals
Maize
yield and its components
Osama
Ali
os_ali2000@yahoo.com
1
Crop Science Departmnet, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El- Kom, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohammed
Abdelaal
moha3b3al@gmail.com
2
Crop Science Departmnet, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El- Kom, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of Salinity Stress on Membrane Status, Phytohormones, Antioxidant Defense System and Transcript Expression Pattern of Two Contrasting Sorghum Genotypes
SALINITY stress significantly impacts the growth, development and yield of sorghum. Knowledge about the productivity of sorghum under salinity stress condition is lagging, due to the marginally limited information about the physio-biochemical and molecular mechanisms underpinning salinity stress tolerance. The study aimed to investigate the physio-biochemical and molecular mechanisms associated with the differential responses under salinity stress condition in sorghum. To achieve our objectives, the physiological and biochemical salinity stress parameters, including membrane stability index, enzyme antioxidant activities, proline and chlorophyll contents, measured at the seedling stage, were elucidated to identify the salinity stress response status of the genotypes. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was perform to elucidate the expression pattern of different categories of genes under salinity stress in sorghum genotypes. From our results, enhanced enzyme antioxidant activities, membrane status, increased proline content and lower K+/Na+ concentration under 300mM NaCl stress identified PI 585451 to be the most salinity stress-tolerant genotype. Nevertheless, increased MDA and Na+/K+ level, lower proline, chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activities in PI 585454 marked it to be sensitive to salinity stress. Besides, the transcript expression analysis of different genes, showed an upregulation in PI 585451 than in PI 585454. The results highlighted the differences in metabolic response to salinity stress that may play an important role in the provision of information, required for breeding and development of sorghum genotypes that are tolerant to salinity stress.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_95262_5717d7f5a9d2f495352cf25398e0a1f2.pdf
2020-08-01
123
136
10.21608/agro.2020.29550.1213
Enzyme antioxidants activities
Membrane status
Osmolytes accumulation
Phytohormones
salinity stress
Transcript expression analyses
Joseph
Amoah
josephamoah2010@hotmail.com
1
Department of Basic and Applied Biology, University of Energy and Natural Resources (UENR), P. O. Box 214, Sunyani, Bono Region, Ghana
LEAD_AUTHOR
Daniel
Berko
daniel.antwi-berko@uenr.edu.gh
2
Department of Basic and Applied Biology, University of Energy and Natural Resources (UENR), P. O. Box 214, Sunyani, Bono Region, Ghana
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Chemical Mutagens on Some Morphological and Yield Components Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
THIS INVESTIGATION was carried out to induce the mutations in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) at the Experimental and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University. Two wheat geno.types were treated with different concentrations of di methyl sulfoxide and sodium azide (NaN3). The highest grain yield/ plant (81.27g and 80.56g) were obtained from Sids 14 treated with either (di- methyl sulfoxide at 2000ppm) or sodium azide at 6000ppm. The untreated plant Sids 14 gave 39.23g. The variety Sids 14 was more productive than Misr 1 induction of stable promising mutants according to the final results at M2 especially with respect to high grain yield/ plant. In general, Sids 14 was more response to chemicals treatment for 1000 grains weight than Misr 1 and gave higher 1000 grains weight. Sids 14 di methyl sulfoxide 1, Sids 14 DMS2, Sids 14 Sodium Azide1 , Sids 14 Azide2 and Sids 14 Azide3 gave (58.27,55g). The geno.types Misr1 Azide 3 (2, 3 and 6) were short but the genotypes Sids 14 DMS1 (3 and 7) were tall, while the genotypes Sids 14 DMS1 (5 and 6) were very tall in both M1 and M2. In spite of the high 1000 grain weights variety Sids 14 gave the highest grains no./ spike 72, Sids 14 Azide3 and Sids 14 DMS1 giving 88.33 and 87.44 grains, respectively. Mutants Sids 14 Azide3 and Sids 14 DMS1 surpassed the original plants in grain no. spike by 22.68% and 21.44%, respectively. There was a significant and positive correlation between yield and spike no./ plant, spikelet no./ spike and grain/ spike across both varieties and generations. There was a low correlation coefficient between grain yield/ plant and 1000 grain weights (0.016) and the negative correlation between grain yield/ plant and plant height (cm).
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_95741_9e77ce4ab0ed5b9c443c5a7ee537907d.pdf
2020-08-01
137
149
10.21608/agro.2020.24003.1205
Di methyl sulfoxide
morphological characters
Mutagens
Wheat
yield
Barakat Hassan
Ahmed
barakat01110632078@yahoo.com
1
Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mokhtar Hassan
Haredy
mokhtar001212@gmial.com
2
Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Yasser A.M.
Khlifa
yasserbeet@yahoo.com
3
Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Improving the Efficiency of Herbicides by Adding Mineral Oil on Maize ( Zea mays L.) Crop and Associated Weeds
A FIELD experiment was conducted during 2018 and 2019 seasons, at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kaferelshiekh, Egypt. To study the efficacy certain herbicides [Nicosulfuron (Shamshon 75%WG), Flumetsulam (Candy 80%WG), Bromoxynil+ Terbuthylazine (Monester 35%SE) and Nicosulfuron+ Bromoxynil (Scrop 75%WG)] at full rate (alone) (30g, 30g, 500cm3 and 120g /fed.), respectively, and at used rate (75 or 50%) of full rate mixtures with mineral oil at 1 and 2%, beside, Maisterpower 4.53% OD (Foramsulfuron-sodium+ Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium+ Thiencarbazone-methyl) at full rate (alone) 500cm3/fed., (fed= feddan=0.42 hectare), hand hoeing (twice) and weedy check on weed control, productivity and grain quality. Each experiment was laid out a Randomized Complete Blocks Design.Results revealed that both (Monester and Scrop) at used rate 75%+ min.oil 1% or Maister power at full rate gave more controlling effect on total weeds which was reflected to increase yield and its components, than other treatments in both seasons. Also, previous treatments gave increasing grain yield which was directly correlated with increasing vegetative growth traits, yield components and quality characters of grains compared to other treatments in both seasons.Results indicated that the herbicide and adjuvants selected and relative amount used both of them must be tailored to specific condition of each application, therefore, it could replace the two herbicides (Monester or Scrop) at used rate 75% with min.oil 1% by Maister power at the full rate (alone), to avoid the appearance development weeds-resistant to herbicide, beside, without loosing weed control efficiency and grain yield, its components and quality in maize.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_96457_8416c3d9c42bc56c317c3001fdf620cf.pdf
2020-08-01
151
162
10.21608/agro.2020.27108.1209
herbicide
Maize
mineral oil
Reduce rates
weed control
Zea mays L
Khaffagy E.
Azza
azzakhaffagy@yahoo.com
1
Weed Research Central Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rasha G.M.A.
El-Hassan
osha_boshaaa@yahoo.com
2
Weed Research Central Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.A.H.
Sharshar
alyshashar1@gmail.com
3
Weed Research Central Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cadmium Toxicity Alleviates by Seed Priming with Proline or Glycine Betaine in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)
CADMIUM (Cd) as a non-essential metal is a soil pollutant that inhibits plant growth and development. Proline (Pro) and Glycine betaine (GB) are two important compatible solutes that accumulate in response to abiotic stresses in different plant species. Here, a pot experiment was carried out to assess the role of exogenously applied Pro and GB in improving Cd toxicity tolerance in cowpea plants. Seeds were soaked in 0, 25 and 50mM Pro or GB, and then were sown in plastic pots that were irrigated with 0 or 100μM cadmium chloride. Results showed that Cd stress markedly decreased shoot length, shoot biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll value, stomatal conductance and relative water content (RWC) but increased root and shoot Cd levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Nevertheless, seed treatment with Pro or GB reduced Cd toxicity and improved growth attributes via reducing Cd uptake and translocation, increasing the chlorophyll value, stomatal conductance, and RWC as well as more enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and lowering the MDA level. Although both Pro and GB were effective, pre-treatment of seeds with Pro improved Cd stress tolerance better than GB. Thus, seed treatment with Pro (especially 50mM) could be used as an effective method for protecting cowpea plants against Cd toxicity.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_97572_5b358de9039efa79b927c1818c7ceb8e.pdf
2020-08-01
163
170
10.21608/agro.2020.23667.1204
cadmium
glycine betaine
proline
seed treatment
Oxidative Stress
Omid
Sadeghipour
osadeghipour@yahoo.com
1
Department of Agronomy, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 18155/144, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Grain Yield Stability of New Bread Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions
FORTY-TWO bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated in eight environments in Egypt: two locations and two planting dates during the two 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 growing seasons. The objectives of this study were to estimate grain yield, number of spikes plant-1, 1000-kernel weight and plant height of these 42 bread wheat genotypes under different environments and to determine their stabilities. Combined analysis shows that most mean squares was attributed to environmental effects, indicating that environments were diverse, with large differences among environmental means causing most of variation in grain yield and the other studied traits. Mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant for grain yield and the other traits, indicating that the existence of inherent genetic variability and point to the possibility of selecting a stable wheat genotypes .Mean squares due to Geno x Env were highly significant for all studied traits, indicating that there are substantial differences in genotypic response across environments. Mean squares due to genotypes were significant for all studied traits. Mean squares of E+ (GxE) were highly significant for all studied traits. Linear components of genotype-environment interaction were significant or highly significant for all studied traits. The highest-yielding genotypes overall environment were G21 (360.25g), G15 (349.52g) and G13 (303.96g) and did not differ significantly from check variety Giza-168 (341.76g). Six genotypes namely, G13, G21, Giza-168 Shand-1, misr-1 and Sahel-1 showed better general adaptability across environments.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_105349_45bb18bb79deaea612e19f34ef979b66.pdf
2020-08-01
171
184
10.21608/agro.2020.32118.1216
Bread wheat (T. aestivum L.)
Stability parameters
Yield stability
Khaled
Ibrahim
kh_ibrahim75@aun.edu.eg
1
Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, New Valley, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alaa
Said
tentawy@gmail.com
2
Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cooperative Effect of Salicylic Acid and Boron on the Productivity of Pearl Millet Crop under the Degraded Saline Soils Conditions
DROUGHT and salinity are the most limiting factors for crop production in arid and semi-arid areas. Moreover, pearl millet cultivation may be an excellent selection in arid and saline lands. Therefore, two field experiments were conducted at the Desert Research Center, Agriculture Experimental Station at Ras Sudr, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt during 2018 and 2019 seasons, to study the effect of seed priming (as seed soaking) using five salicylic acids levels (tap water as a control, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L SA) and fertilizing soil application by five boron rates (without boron, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kg boron/fed, as boric acid) on pearl millet yields. The results showed that plant height (cm), panicle length (cm), panicles number/m2, grain weight/panicle (g), seed index (g) and grain protein content percentage as well as biological, grain and protein yields (kg/fed) were significantly increased by salicylic acid (SA) levels in both seasons. Soaking the grains of pearl millet in 200 mg/L SA treatment was the best practice in both seasons as compared to the other treatments. Regarding the effect of boron (B) treatments, all the abovementioned characters were significantly affected by B treatments in the two studied seasons. Adding 3 kg B/fed gave the highest values of all the studied attributes in both seasons. It is clear that from the obtained results pearl millet grain primed in 200 mg/L SA along with B at a rate of 3 kg/fed could be recommended for enhancing pearl millet yields under saline soil conditions.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_108435_aec73a2d58d4a135bb54f6a8067333a1.pdf
2020-08-01
185
195
10.21608/agro.2020.32961.1218
Boron
Pearl millet
Salicylic acid
salinity
yield and its components
Emad
Salem
emadmms@yahoo.com
1
Plant Production Department, Ecology and Dryland Agriculture Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Role of Greenhouses in Filling Trade Gap of Tomato Crop in Saudi Arabia
USING, time series data, this research aimed at studying the role of greenhouses planted with tomatoes in reducing the import trade gap in Saudi Arabia by forecasting the impact of the change in the area of greenhouses of tomatoes on imports and total production in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study adopted Piecewise Linear Regression, ordinary least square and simultaneous multi-equation models, using Seemingly Unrelated Regression model. The results of the study indicated that the area and production of tomatoes in greenhouses showed a decreasing trend during the study period. As a result, there was an import trade gap for tomato crops estimated at 171.1 thousand tons on average for the study period, which represents about 42.2% of the average total tomato production. The most important determinants of the production of tomatoes in greenhouses include the area of greenhouses planted with tomatoes, one year lagged tomato price, and the value of medium-term loans allocated to greenhouses production. The study showed that the effect of temperature change on tomato production is more significant than carbon dioxide emissions. The study estimated forecasted reduction in the Kingdom's imports of tomatoes by 98% if the area of greenhouses is doubled. Hence, to reduce trade deficit of tomatoes and convert the deficit into a trade surplus, the study recommended horizontal expansion in greenhouses planted with tomatoes.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_108560_fbe9a615bc96f2dd4119bb81d4f7c93a.pdf
2020-08-01
197
207
10.21608/agro.2020.27271.1211
Forecasting
Piecewise Linear Regression
Saudi Arabia
Simultaneous equations models
Tomato
Hafsa
Morci
hmorci@kfu.edu.sa
1
Agribusiness and Consumer Sciences Department, College of Agriculture and Food Science, King Faisal University, Hufof, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Nagat
Elmulthum
nelmultham@kfu.edu.sa
2
Agribusiness and Consumer Sciences Department, College of Agriculture and Food Science, King Faisal University, Hufof, Saudi Arabia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maha
Hadid
mhadid@kfu.edu.sa
3
Agribusiness and Consumer Sciences Department, College of Agriculture and Food Science, King Faisal University, Hufof, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nutrient Content and Growth Responses of Sugar Beet Plants Grown under Salinity Condition to Citric Acid and Algal Extract
THIS INVESTIGATION aimed to study the response of growth and mineral status of sugar beet plants which sprayed with antioxidant, citric acid (DW, 75 and 150ppm) and algal extract in the rateof 30cm/L, on sugar beet plants grown under salt stress condition (diluted sea water, TW, 5000 and 10000ppm). Increases in salt concentration in the irrigation water caused a continuous decrease in the dry weight of roots. Dry weight of leaves increased with 5000ppm salts treatment and tended to decrease to be approximately equal of the control. However, the whole plant dry weight did not affect with the first salinity treatment but decreased markedly with the second salinity level. Increased salinity decease the concentration of N, P, K and Fe in leaves of sugar beet. On the opposite side, Ca Na, Mn and Cu concentrations increased by raising salts concentration in the root media of plants. Meanwhile, Mg and Zn % were slightly affected. The concentration of P as well as Cu increased by both antioxidant treatment but the values by the combination of CA and algal extract were more than that of CA alone. Na and Mn increased by CA treatment and Citric acid + algal extract but the increase with CA more than that of the combined between them. The reverse was true of K concentration. Fe, Zn and Mg slightly affected with these treatments. Ca % decreased by CA and tended to increase by Citric acid + algal extract but still more than the control while N% increased by the application of Ca and tended to decrease by Citric acid + algal extract to be less than the control ones.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_109731_0f1d17e304842bbb7200475b38d76f8e.pdf
2020-08-01
209
224
10.21608/agro.2020.38200.1223
algal extract
Citric acid
Growth
Mineral status
salinity
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
M. Moursy
Hussein
mmoursyhus@gmail.com
1
Water Relations and Irrigation Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
El-Saady
2
Fertilizer Technology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mirvat
Gobarah
gobarah_mirvat@yahoo.com
3
Field Crop Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Abo El-Khier
4
Fertilizer Technology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR