Improvement of Salt Tolerance in Vicia faba (L.) Plants by Exogenous Application of Polyamines
text
article
2016
eng
SALINITY stress causes physiological drought and disturbances in plant physiology that lead to a reduction in plant growth. To search for an effective method to increase salt tolerance of Vicia faba (L.) plants, the effect of soaking the seeds in spermidine (Spd; 1.5 mM) or spermine (Spm; 1.5 mM) on growth, drought tolerance, contents of free proline, total soluble sugars, starch, endogenous Spm and Spd, and antioxidant system in plants grown under salt stress of a saline calcareous soil was studied. Spm or Spd alleviated the adverse effects of salt stress to convergent degrees. Soaking faba bean seeds in either Spd or Spm increased all plant growth characteristics and the activities of antioxidant enzymes compared to the control (seeds soaked in distilled water). In addition, soaking seeds in either polyamine significantly increased membrane stability index, relative water content, contents of ascorbic acid, glutathione, endogenous Spm and Spd. All these improved parameters reflected in enhanced yield and its components. In contrast, electrolyte leakage, concentrations of protein, starch, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide were reduced compared to the control. Data of the present study also show that the variety Giza 429 exhibited better results than the variety Giza 40, concluding that Giza 429 was more salt-tolerant compared to Giza 40. These results are important as the potential of Spd or Spm to mitigate the deleterious effects of soil salinity stress offer an opportunity to increase the faba bean tolerance to growth under saline conditions.
Egyptian Journal of Agronomy
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology
0379-3575
38
v.
1
no.
2016
1
21
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_296_aa1aa60a349e3c5a4b7047e4972eeb1b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/agro.2016.296
The Interaction Effect of Biofertilization and Nitrogen Fertilization Level on Growth and Yield Attributes of Rice
text
article
2016
eng
THIS INVESTIGATION was carried out in the Experimental Farm, Ghazala Village, Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ., El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during two successive seasons (2014 and 2015) to find out the effect of biofertilization with Cyanobacteria (Anabaena oryzae, Anabaena extract and the Anabaena + Anabaena extract) under four nitrogen levels (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg N/ fad·) on growth and yield of rice (Giza 178). The obtained results could be summarized as follows: biofertilization was effective to increase significantly grain, straw, and total yields/ fad particularly when Anabaena extract was tried through rice foliage at 10 and 25 days after transplanting. Mineral N fertilization failed to increase the rice grain yield/ fad and almost all yield attributes at harvest where the check N treatment recorded at par averages as those recorded due to the addition of 50 kg N/ fad where the further increase in N level was followed by significant decrease in this respect. However, plant height and physiological attributes at heading were significantly increased due to the increase of N level to 50 kg N/ fad. The bio. X mineral fertilization interaction affected grain yield/ fad and almost all yield attributes where the response equations predicted maximum grain yield/ fad of 4.26 ton due to a predicted addition of 54.1kg N/ fad. According to these results, a complementary effect could be traced between the foliar application of Anabaena and the 50 kg N/ fad level to maximize the grain, straw, and total yields/ fad. An eutrophication effect could had been taking place when Anabaena was soil added due to over growth by the algae particularly, during rice grain filling where a possible toxic effect and nutrient imbalance could have had played a role in ceiling the favourable effect of biofertilization observed up to heading particularly on plant height and greeness of leaves which was expressed in their content from chlorophyll and carotenoids.
Egyptian Journal of Agronomy
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology
0379-3575
38
v.
1
no.
2016
23
54
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_297_ca60d80d1b85f9222eeff2a1fb84b302.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/agro.2016.297
Effect of Weed Control Treatments and Planting Density in Maize (Zea mays L.)
text
article
2016
eng
THE PRESENT study was carried out in the Experimental Farm, Ghazala Village, Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during two successive seasons 2014 and 2015 seasons. Aim of this study find out the effect of four weed control treatments (unweeded, hand hoeing twice, Harness herbicide + hand hoeing once and Harness herbicide) and two planting densities of 24000 and 34000 plants/ fadon growth, yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) (S.C. 178 yellow). According to obtained results, weed control treatments applied recorded at par higher averages of growth attributes of maize i.e. plant height (cm), number of leaves/ plant (No.), leaves area/ plant (cm2), leaf area index (LAI), leaves dry weight (g) and chlorophyll content (SPAD) than un-weeded one. Also, weed control treatments had significant effects on most yield and yield components due to any weeding treatments which had at par higher averages than the un-weeded control. Planting density had no significant effect on most growth attributes of maize except plant height, the number of above green leaves per plant, and LAI due to the increase of planting density from 24000 to 34000 plants/ fad. Densely planting (34000 plants/ fad) had significant effects on most yield and yield components except ear length (cm), the number of grains/ row (No.), the number of row/ ear (No.) and harvest index (HI) while, the number of ears per plant No.) was decreased. The interaction between factors had significant effects on most growth and some yield components. Application of weed control treatments was effective in depressing the competition of weeds to maize plants and hence growth and yield components of maize were improved.
Egyptian Journal of Agronomy
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology
0379-3575
38
v.
1
no.
2016
55
77
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_298_e285f1c3d1e6e4fce2a653a614eb91cd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/agro.2016.298
Environmental Management of Salt Affected Soils and its Effect on Yield and Quality of Summer Forage Grasses in North Sinai
text
article
2016
eng
TWO FIELD experiments were conducted in Galbana village .at Sahl El-Tina site., North Sinai Governorate during two summer seasons (2013 and 2014), to evaluate the effect of some soil amendments and simulating plant growth on soil properties, forage productivity and quality by management salinity of soil and plant resistant to salt. Two forage grasses, Pearl millet (Shandaweel-1) and local Sudan grass, were used and designed in complete randomized blocks (RCBD) with three replications. Results demonstrated that the soil salinity (EC) was decreased after leaching from 17.78 to 13.42 d Sm-1 . Soil EC values of Sudan grass and Pearl millet resulted in low decreasing with control, potassium silicate and nano particles of (CaCO3) treatments in the first and the second seasons. Available macro and micronutrients (mg kg-1) were increased in soil and plant tissues by adding the soil amendments and stimulating plant growth, whereas potassium silicate and nanoparticles of CaCO3 treatments gave the lowest values. Both Sudan grass and pearl millet reported significant differences (P≤ 0.05) among yield and its components for the first, second cuts and total yield in the first and second growing seasons. In the first season, Sudan grass increased in total dry yield percentages more than the fresh yield of compost treatment. Potassium silicate, sulphur, and nano-particles of CaCO3 recorded higher total fresh and dry yield in the second season. For the first season nano particles of CaCO3, potassium silicate and composite of compost, gypsum and sulphur increased the total fresh and dry yield of Pearl millet, also in the second season nanoparticles of CaCO3 treatment reported the higher total fresh and dry yield. Adding of soil amendments and simulating plant growth treatments increased the efficiency of soil and plant potential to moderate salt stress and increase yield and quality per unit area.
Egyptian Journal of Agronomy
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology
0379-3575
38
v.
1
no.
2016
79
98
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_299_1b42a7888fe7b4d5109c288aed08bb8c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/agro.2016.299
Response of Egyptian Cotton to Mepiquat Chloride Application under Different Plant Spacings
text
article
2016
eng
THIS STUDY was carried out at Sids Agricultural Research Station, Bani-Swef Governorate, Middle Egypt during the two successive seasons of 2014 and 2015, to study the effect of three plant spacings (15, 20 and 25 cm) and mepiquat chloride (MC) at three concentrations (50, 100 and 150 mg/l) on growth, productivity and quality of Egyptian cotton variety Giza 90. The treatments were arranged in the field using a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications, where plant spacings were the main plots and MC were the sub plots. Results showed that the widest plant spacing (25 cm) achieved an increase in dry weight/plant, leaf area/plant, number of fruiting branches/plant, earliness percentage, number of open bolls/plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield/feddan, seed index, lint percentage, leaf mineral elements percentage and photosynthetic pigments concentration and seed content of oil and protein. While, plant height, shedding percentage, days to first bud appearance, first open flower and crackle first boll were decreased. On the other hand, node number of the first sympodium and fiber properties were not affected by plant spacings. Spraying MC at the concentration of 150 mg/l led to increased for each of number of fruiting branches/plant, earliness percentage, number of open bolls/plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield/feddan, seed index, lint percentage, leaf mineral elements percentage and photosynthetic pigments concentration, seed content of oil and protein, micronaire reading, fiber strength and fiber elongation. While, dry weight/plant, leaf area/plant, plant height, shedding percentage, node number of the first sympodium, days to first bud appearance, first open flower and crackle first boll were decreased. On the other hand, fiber length and uniformity ratio were not affected by MC. The interaction between plant spacings and MC significantly affected all studied characters except node number of the first sympodium and fiber properties. From the above results, it could be concluded that grown plants on 25 cm with spraying MC at the concentration of 150 mg/l may be the best combination to improve the productivity of Egyptian cotton.
Egyptian Journal of Agronomy
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology
0379-3575
38
v.
1
no.
2016
99
116
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_300_a904fbca81b57122957d6848e8d4e1ba.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/agro.2016.300
Improving Salt Tolerance of Helianthus annuus (L.) Plants by Moringa oleifera Leaf extract
text
article
2016
eng
TWo Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of seed soaking and/or foliar application with Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE; 1 extract paste: 30 tap water) on growth, physio-chemical attributes, anatomy and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants grown on a sandy loam soil (EC = 6.42 – 6.48 dS m-1). The MLE application used as seed soaking or foliar spray significantly increased growth characteristics (i.e., shoot length, number and area of leaves per plant, and shoot dry weight), physio-chemical attributes (i.e., Relative water content (RWC%) and membrane stability index (MSI%), concentrations of total chlorophylls, total carotenoids, total soluble sugars, free proline and ascorbic acid, contents of N, P, K and Ca, and ratios of K/Na, Ca/Na and K+Ca/Na), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase), seed yield, and seed oil and protein contents, when compared with the controls (seed soaking and foliar spray using tap water). Further, the MLE application used as seed soaking in combination with foliar spray significantly increased all aforementioned parameters and improved stem anatomy compared to the control and the single (seed soaking or foliar spray) treatments with MLE. In contrast, there were significant reductions in leaf electrolyte leakage (EL%), Na% and the enzyme catalase activity. The combined treatment of seed soaking and foliar spray with MLE was found to be highly effective in improving the growth and yield of sunflower plants by alleviating the inhibitory effects of soil salinity stress.
Egyptian Journal of Agronomy
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology
0379-3575
38
v.
1
no.
2016
117
140
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_301_433233ff56d98a764b53cb5c70972425.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/agro.2016.301