2024-03-29T02:45:58Z
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=39
Egyptian Journal of Agronomy
Egypt. J. Agron.
0379-3575
0379-3575
2013
35
2
Salicylic Acid and Cytokinin Protects Maize Plant against Glyphosate Action
THE MITIGATING effects of salicylic acid (SA) and cytokinin (CK) against glyphosate stress on young maize plants were investigated. The application of glyphosate has harm effects on maize plants, i.e. plants became shorter, chlorosis, leavesturned to yellow more or less dry in some parts then died. The morphological changes associated with decrease in the chlorophyll content; meanwhile the levels of protein, proline and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased. Available data suggest that the protective effect of SA and CK was accompanied with increase in chlorophyll content and reduction in proline and the activity of APX, CAT, POD and SOD in comparison with glyphosate treatment. The combination between SA and CK not alleviate the harm effects of glyphosate on maize. The present results gave an insight about the use of SA and CK alone in alleviated in some extent the detrimental effects due to the glyphosate action.
Glyphosate
Maize
Salicylic acid
Cytokinin
protein
proline
Antioxidative enzymes
2013
12
31
115
133
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_82_8610067b4a29e82b07807706808c4cf7.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Agronomy
Egypt. J. Agron.
0379-3575
0379-3575
2013
35
2
Improving Productivity and Control of Soil Borne Diseases of Broad Bean by Using Different Fertilization Resources under Reclaimed Soil Conditions
TWO FIELD experiments were conducted at El-Noubaria Province, …...El Behara Governorate, Egypt during the two successive winter seasons of 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 to study the effect of some organic fertilization treatments (compost, animal dung and EM bokashi) and biological fertilization treatments {EM1, Mycorrhiza, Rhizobium in addition to the combination of (EM1, Mycorrhiza and Rhizobium)}and their interactions on damping-off and root-rot diseases reduction in addition to enhancement of faba bean growth and productivity under field conditions. The organic fertilization treatments stimulated broad bean resistance to soil-borne diseases, therefore enhanced significantly broad bean growth, yield & its attributes and chemical composition. EM bokashi, compost and animal dung surpassed the control treatment in all the studied characters. Higher significant observations were obtained from EM bokashi followed by compost and animal dung, respectively. Applying the biological fertilization treatments decreased significantly faba bean damping off percentage and root rot incidence as well as disease severity. Consequently, increased all broad bean studied growth characters, yield and its attributes as well as its chemical composition. The higher significant observations were obtained from the combination of EM1+Mycorrhiza+Rhizobium, followed EM1, Rhizobium and Mycorrhiza, respectively. With regard to the effect of the interaction between the organic and the biological fertilization treatments; results illustrated that all the studied growth characters, yield and its attributes, and chemical composition were increased due to the stimulation of broad bean resistance to soil-borne diseases. The uttermost values obtained from the interaction between EM bokashi× (EM1+ Mycorrhiza+ Rhizobium), followed by EM bokasi× EM1, Rhizobium then Mycorrhiza respectively. The lowermost value was obtained from control× Mycorrhiza.
broad bean
productivity
organic fertilization
biological fertilization
EM
Bokashi
Damping off
Root-rot disease
2013
12
31
135
153
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_83_392de8e8398b5e8f20d72765187fe762.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Agronomy
Egypt. J. Agron.
0379-3575
0379-3575
2013
35
2
Sesbania (Sesbania aegyptiaca [Poir]) Agroforestry Using Industrial Drainage Water Bioremediation with Effective Microorganisms (EM)
TWO EXPERIMENTS were conducted during the 2008 and 2009 summer seasons to investigate the effect of different water quality (Nile water, untreated industrial derange and industrial drainage bio-remediated with Effective Microorganisms (EM)), and two plant spacing (45 and 60 cm between plants) and Effective Microorganisms foliar application (0, 20 and 40 ppm) in addition to their interactions on Sesbania (Sesbania aegyptiaca [Poir]) growth, productivity and water quality. Sesbania studied growth characters included plant height, number of second branches, second branches fresh and dry weights, main stem diameter, weight of main stem, branching level, crude protein and crude fiber . The studied water quality indicators included (ph., Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)). Results indicated that the industrial drainage water bioremediated with EM improved the industrial drainage properties significantly. The irrigation with Nile water gave the highest observations of Sesbania growth characters, followed by industrial drainage bio-remediated with EM and the untreated industrial derange, respectively. Concerning plant spacing the highest Sesbania growth characters obtained at 60 cm between plants except 2nd branches fresh and dry weights and crude protein which gave the highest observations at 45 cm distance. Similar, trend was obtained from applying EM as a foliar treatment as 20 ppm.
The second order and third order interactions were mostly significant. The superior interaction concerning Sesbania growth was obtained by (EM industrial water bioremediated with EM × 60 cm line spacing × 20 ppm EM foliar application).
Biological drainage
Combating desertification
CO2 emissions
Fresh water conservation
Odor control
plant spacing
water quality
2013
12
31
155
168
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_84_4d9472e95b170624662d20f9fe90b3c7.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Agronomy
Egypt. J. Agron.
0379-3575
0379-3575
2013
35
2
Effects of Intercropping Faba Bean on Onion and Wheat With or Without Inoculated Bacteria on Yields of the Three Crops
TWO FIELD experiments were carried out at Mallawi Agric. Res. St. (Middle Egypt) during the two seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 to study the effect of intercropping faba bean on two crops (onion and wheat) and inoculated with bacteria on the yield and its components. A randomized complete block design in a split plot arrangement with three replications was used in both seasons. The main plots were devoted to the cropping systems, while the sub-plots were allocated for two treatments of co-inoculated.
The results showed that plant height, yield and yield components of the three crops (faba bean, onion and wheat) were decreased under intercropping condition. The plant height of intercropped faba bean on wheat was more effect 17.5 cm shorter but with onion was 5.1 cm shorter than sole. The most yield components of intercropped faba bean (no. of branches/plant, plants/m2, pods/plant, seeds/pod and seed yield/plant) were decreased which resulted in decreased seed and straw yield/fad. The reduction in seed and straw yield/fad of faba bean were estimated by 32.0 and 7.5% when intercropping on onion and by 68.5 and 36.4% when intercropping on wheat, respectively, compared to solid.
The results show also that seed inoculation with bacteria increased plant height, no. of branches/plant, no. of plants/m2, no. of seeds/pod, wt. of 100 seed, and seed and straw yield as compared with uninoculation seeds. The increased in seed and straw yields/fad was 14.0 and 5.7% as compared with uninoculation, respectively. The yield and yield components of intercropped crops (onion and wheat) were decreased when intercropping with faba bean. The reduction in bulb yield of onion was 3.0 and 4.4%, while the reduction in wheat yield was 7.8 and 9.3% with or without inoculated faba bean seeds, respectively. The highest values of land equivalent ratio "LER" (1.59) and monetary advantage index 'MAI' (3636.477) were observed when inoculation faba bean seeds before sown and intercropping on onion. While, the values of competitive ratio (CR) of faba bean were greater when intercropping on onion than those intercropping on wheat.
Intercropping
inoculation
Faba bean
Onion
Wheat
2013
12
31
169
182
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_85_e0863a9fc7e043d78ceca602f4b2dcd4.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Agronomy
Egypt. J. Agron.
0379-3575
0379-3575
2013
35
2
Benefits of Legume Crops in Rotation and Intercropping for Increased Production and Land Use
THIS STUDY was carried out at Mallawi Agric. Res. St. during …. the two seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 to study the effect of preceding winter crops (wheat, wheat + fahl berseem, faba bean + onion or berseem) and intercropping maize with cowpea on production and land use. A split plots design with three replications was used. The results showed that maize, cowpea and associated weeds were significantly affected by both preceding winter crops and intercropping system. Planting maize after legume crops (faba bean + onion or berseem) produced the highest values of maize yield and yield components. While maize grown after wheat had the lowest values. Increase of maize grain yield was 8.0%, after faba bean + onion, while increase after wheat + fahl berseem was 1.4% as compared with those grown after wheat. The weed density in maize grown after berseem was reduced by 44.0% as compared with that grown after wheat.
The yield and yield components of maize were increased when intercropped with cowpea. The increased in grain yield was 2.5%, while forage green yield of intercropped cowpea was reduced by 67% compared to solid planting. Weeds density in intercropped maize was reduced (59%) compared with solid planting.
The highest values of LER (1.35) were observed when was the winter crop wheat. The highest values of the intensification index (2.64) were observed by the crop sequence faba bean + onion / maize +cowpea. The crop sequence berseem / maize + cowpea recorded the highest values of cereal unit, while the crop sequence wheat + fahl berseem / maize + cowpea had the highest values for total revenue and net return. It is concluded that the preceding legume crops had a large effect on maize yield and a small effect on weed density. Intercropping maize with cowpea had a large effect on weed density.
Maize
Cowpea
Crop Sequence
Intercropping
2013
12
31
183
197
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_86_ec78743a5d6b0adcac2349682f372117.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Agronomy
Egypt. J. Agron.
0379-3575
0379-3575
2013
35
2
Mutation Induced Genetic Variability in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
SEEDS of the Egyptian rice cultivar Sakha 105 were treated withthree gamma radiation doses; 15, 20 and 25 Kr to study the effect of gamma irradiation doses in the process of mutation on the growth, yield and yield-related characters of sakha 105 rice cultivar as well as to induce genetic variability for selecting plants with desirable character.
The effect of gamma –rays was observed in M1 and M2 generation for all the studied traits except panicle length in M1 and 1000-grain weight in both generations. The dose of 15 Kr recorded the highest mean value of heading date and plant height in both generation and number of panicles/plant in M1 generation, this may be due to stimulatory effects of the low doses of gamma-rays which decrease with the increase of gamma irradiation dose.
The dose of 20 Kr recorded significantly higher fertility percentage and number of branches/panicle in M2 generation and number of panicles/plant in M1 generation. The dose of 25Kr produced the highest number of panicles/plant and number of spikelets/panicle in M2 generation with in-significance difference with the control. While, it produced the lowest mean values for grain yield, number of filled grains/panicle, heading date and plant height in both generations. All the mutagenic treatments detected significantly lower grain yield than the un-treated plants in both generation.
The measurements of variation were, in general, higher in the treated plants compared with the control. Such estimates were maximized in case of fertility percentage, number of filled grains/panicle and grain yield. Among all treatments, the dose of 25Kr gamma radiation detected the highest variation.
gamma-rays
Genetic variability
Mutation
rice
Yield and yield components
2013
12
31
199
209
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_87_1afabdb539bf2963da0d39c8ffcc9440.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Agronomy
Egypt. J. Agron.
0379-3575
0379-3575
2013
35
2
Performance and Genotypic Variability of Three Bread Wheat Cultivars under Stress Irrigation Regimes
T
WO FIELD experiments were conducted at the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt during 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 seasons. The main objective of this investigation was to study the influence of three levels of drought stress imposed during critical stages on the performance and genotypic variability of three bread wheat cultivars. Results indicated that exposure wheat plants to moderate (two irrigations) or high stress (only one irrigation) decreased significantly all characters (except spike length) compared with low drought stress (three irrigations). However, the differences between moderate and high drought stress were not significant for No. of spikelets/ spike and No. of grains/ spike. Large variations among wheat cultivars were recorded for all the studied characters, indicating that wide range of genetic variability were present among the studied cultivars. As average over stress regimes, Sids 12 recorded the most desirable values for spike length, No. of spikelets/ spike, No. of grains/ spike, spike weight and grain yield. Whereas, the differences between Sids 12 and Misr 1 were not significant for grain yield. Misr 1 gave the highest values of plant height, heading date, No. of spikes/ m2 and 1000-grain weight. Heading date, plant height, spikes/ m2, 1000-grain weight and grain yield were significantly affected by the interaction between irrigation regimes and wheat cultivars. The highest grain yield was recorded for both Misr 1 and Sids 12 wheat cultivars under low irrigation stress (0.62 and 0.59 kg/ m2, respectively). However, the differences between moderate and high stress were not significant (for grain yield) in case of Giza 168. Correlation analysis of yield and yield related characters indicated that under low drought stress condition, No of spikes/ m2 and 1000-grain weight was positively correlated with grain yield. While, these traits were spike length, No. of spikelets/ spike, No. of grains/ spike and spike weight in case high drought stress conditions. The extent of coefficient of variation indicated that high estimates of phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficients of variability were exhibited by number of grains/ spike (23.7 and 22.3), number of spikes/ m2 (26.1 and 24.14), spike weight (26.5 and 24.2) for PCV and GCV, respectively.
Wheat cultivars
Drought stress
Genotypic variability
correlation
2013
12
31
211
225
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_88_e284c17547658d955c8da231448f6663.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Agronomy
Egypt. J. Agron.
0379-3575
0379-3575
2013
35
2
Response of Some Sugar Beet Varieties to Harvesting Dates and Foliar Application of Boron and Zinc in Sandy Soils
THE PRESENT investigation was carried out at the experimental farm, El-Khattara region, Fac. Agric. Zagazig University, Sharkia Governorate , Egypt during 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 seasons to investigate the effect of micronutrients (control, B , Zn and their combinations) on four sugar beet varieties (Panther and Des 9003) multigerm, also ( LP15 and Sibel ) monogerm under three harvesting dates (180, 195 and 210) days from sowing. A split-split plot design with three replications was used. Harvesting dates were allocated in the main plots, foliar applications of micronutrients were assigned in the sub plots while, sugar beet varieties were distributed in the sub- sub plots. The results revealed that delaying harvesting date from 180 to 195 and 210 days significantly increased quality parameters, i.e. sucrose, purity and extractability percentages as well as productivity traits (root and sugar yields) in the two growing seasons. The varieties significantly differed in all studieds traits in the two growing seasons. Foliar spray with B and Zn had significant effects on all studies traits in both seasons, except for root diameter (cm) in both seasons and juice purity% in 1st season only. Sibel had the higher root yield in both seasons for all dates of harvest.This applied also to sugar exception of one of the dates of harvest in the second season. Delaying the harvesting date to 210 days after sowing compared to 180 days significantly increased yields of root and sugar (ton/ fed) in both seasons. The foliar application with B and Zn under the three harvesting dates insignificantly affected all traits studied.
harvesting date
B
Zn
Sugar beet varieties
Extractability %
2013
12
31
227
252
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_89_9e1fe1afe4209f9d9db05b910455d36d.pdf