ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Time of The First Irrigation and Seeding Rates on Maize Yield and Yield Components
THIS FIELD experiment was carried out through the successive growth season's summer 2014 and 2015 at Sids Agricultural Research Station to study the effect of the first irrigation (17, 21 and 25 days after planting) and different rates of maize grains (26250, 39375, 52500 and 78750 grains per *faddan on maize yield productivity and component for Yellow single-cross 176. The studies treatments were disturbed among the experimental plots in split plot design with four replicates. The obtained results cleared that, all studied characters of grain yield was highly significant for the time of first water irrigation, while the number of plants per fad was not significant. The first irrigation after 17 days from sowing gave the highest value of grain yield at both tested years (31.8 and 28.6 #ardab/fad), while the irrigation at 21 days had moderate values of grain yield (27.7 and 28.0 ardab/fad) at 2014 and 2015, respectively. Also, the first seeding rates (one kernel per hill) had the lowest number of plants per fad at both seasons (21219 and 21171 plants/fad), while the second treatment (one and two kernels per hill, alternately, without thinning) gave the highest number of plants per fad at both years (26218 and 26208 plants). On the other hand, the first irrigation after 17 days from planting had the significant highest values of grain yield per plant at both seasons (177.9 and 171.8 gm). As well as, the first irrigation at 17 days had the significant highest values of ear diameter at 2014 (4.62 cm) compared to 4.50 cm when the first irrigation is running at 25 days. The first irrigation after 25 days from planting had the lowest number of days to mid-silking at 2014 season (57 days), while irrigation after 21 days had 58.7 days. The shortest plants were observed when the first irrigation running at 25 days (231.9 cm). Results showed that application of irrigation water after 17 days from planting, number 2 grains per hill and 52500 grains per fad had a positive effect on yield and yield component in both seasons. Significant and positive correlation coefficients were observed for grain yield with each of the number of plants and ears per fad at both years (0.53** and 0.45**, respectively). Seeding rates and grain yield with each of the number of plants and ears per fad (0.35**, 0.49**; 0.43**, 0.54**, respectively), significant and negative correlation values for grain yield per plant and each of first irrigation time and the number of plants at both seasons (-0.35**, -0.70**, -0.34* and -0.83**, respectively). Significant negative correlation coefficients was observed for number of days to mid-silking with the first irrigation at 2014 season (-0.34*) high significant correlation for plant height, at 2014 season, with time of first irrigation (-0.52**), grain yield (0.36**), number of plants per fad (0.41**), and number of ears per fad (0.46**).
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_323_02797799be84515b2f731daacf4d134e.pdf
1999-11-30
141
151
10.21608/agro.2016.323
First irrigation time
seeding rates
Maize grain yield
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Response of Yellow Maize Yield to Preceding Crop Effect and NP Fertilization Level
THIS STUDY was conducted in the Experimental Farm, Ghazala Village, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during two successive seasons (2014 and 2015). The study aimed to find out the effect of preceding crop (berseem and wheat), phosphorus "P" (0, 15.5 and 31 kg P2O5/ fad*) and nitrogen "N" (40, 80 and 120 kg N/ fad) levels on yellow maize yield and its attributes. The results clearly clarified the possibility of saving N additions when maize was preceded by berseem than when preceded by wheat. Though ear length and diameter and the grain set per ear as expressed in the number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, number of grains per ear and total yield/ fad were not significantly increased, however, grain filling as expressed in seed index and grain weight per ear were significantly increased due to growing maize after berseem and hence the grain and ears yields per fad, shelling percentage and harvest index were increased compared with growing maize after wheat. Regarding P levels effect, the first increment (15.5 P2O5/ fad) was quite enough for increasing grain yield per fad and almost all of its attributes, where the further increase in P level did not add any significant increase in this respect. Finally, the grain yield, ears yield and hence the total yield per fad responded to each N increment up to 120 kg N/ fad, but, the stover yield responded to only 80 kg N/ fad and hence the harvest index was the highest (41.30 %) at the lowest N level (40 kg N/ fad). The most frequent first order interaction between factors under study was that between the preceding crop and N levels which indicated the need of lower N level in order to maximize the grain yield per fad when maize was preceded by berseem compared with after wheat. The grain yield response to N level was diminishing where 50.8 kg N/ fad were needed to maximize the grain yield to 3.03 ton/ fad compared with 105.7 kg N/ fad needed to maximize the grain yield to only 2.89 ton/ fad when maize was preceded by berseem and wheat, respectively.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_307_44aa6ff906479b38bc6f0c6e19959cd2.pdf
2016-10-01
153
171
10.21608/agro.2016.307
Maize
preceding crop
P
N
Grain yield
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Twenty Barley Genotypes For Drought Tolerance Under Sandy Clay Soil
THIS RESEARCH was conducted in order to identify the best barley genotypes that can be grown under drought stress conditions. This experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agriculture Experimental Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, during the 2006 to 2008 seasons. Twenty barley genotypes (covered, 2–rowed) and the two check cultivars Giza 127 and Giza 128 were evaluated for drought tolerance by measuring yield performance under three levels of irrigation (normal, moderately reduced and severely reduced). Drought stress reduced grain yield (ardab/fad) by reducing the number of spikes/m2, the number of kernels/spike and 1000-kernel weight. This study showed that, the best genotypes of barley for all parameters studied under severe drought conditions were No. 17, No. 7 and No.13. The drought susceptibility index (DSI) of grain yield (ardab/fad) showed that nine genotypes had a (DSI) <1 and were relatively tolerant to drought stress. The results revealed that the reduction in grain yield for the highest genotype, (No. 17) and the lowest one, (No.9) due to drought increase was 22.66 and 26.28%, respectively, with a general mean of (28.82+1.35).
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_599_d80d67a2a12fbaba62d0dd325fb428b3.pdf
2016-10-31
173
187
10.21608/agro.2016.599
Barley
Hordeum vulgare
drought
Grain yield
drought susceptibility
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Performance of Two Sugar Beet Varieties under Fertilization with Potassium and Foliar Spraying with Micronutrients
WO FIELD experiments conducted during 2013/14 and 2014/15 …....seasons to study the effect of three potassium levels i.e., 0 (K1), 25 (K2) and 50 (K3) kg K/fed and five foliar spraying with mixture of micronutrients (B+Zn) T1, (B+Mn) T2, (Zn+Mn) T3, (B+Zn+Mn) T4 and (water as a control) T5 on yield and its attributes of two sugar beet varieties i.e., Farida (V1) and Demo (V2). The experimental design was a split-split plot in RCBD with three replications where varieties, potassium levels, and micronutrients were allocated in the main, sub and sub-sub plots, respectively. Results indicated that potassium and foliar spray with micronutrients mixture fertilization had a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) positive effect on yield, yield components, and quality traits, varieties differed significantly in root length, root fresh weight, yields in terms of root, top biological, gross sugar and extractable sugar, as well as harvest index in both seasons. The highest yields of root and top were 53.25 & 49.96, 15.21 and 15.55 t/fad (fad= faddan= 4200 m2) in both seasons, respectively as well as, root fresh weight (2661.50 g/plant) and extractable sugar yield (12.67 t/fad) in the first season were obtained by Demo (V2) variety with 50 kg K/fad (K3) with mixture of micronutrients B+Zn+Mn (M4). Correlation analysis revealed the presence of highly significant r values between gross sugar yield with each of root yield and gross sugar (%).
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_601_0fa752cccdb4906778ae913781e77d59.pdf
2016-10-31
189
207
10.21608/agro.2016.601
Sugar beet varieties
potassium
Microelements
yield and quality
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pivotal Influence of Chemical Inducers on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Barley Yield under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
THE OBJECTIVE of this research was to determine the effect of .chemical inducers on leaf area index, chlorophyll content, relative water content and yield characters, antioxidant enzyme activities and disease severity in barley plants under biotic (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh) and abiotic (water deficit) stresses. This study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University using water treatments (water deficit by two irrigations and well-watered by five irrigations) and four treatments of chemical inducers including control, salicylic acid (SA),oxalic acid (OXA) and Benzothiadiazole (BTH) in the rate of untreated plants, 200 mg L-1, 1 g L-1 and 0.9 mM L-1, respectively. Water deficit appreciably decreased significantly almost all the studied parameters compared with well-watered treatment. However, chemical inducers application improved all the studied parameters under water deficit. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidase) showed significant increases in plants treated with chemical inducers under water deficit. Chemical inducers have been found effective in mitigating the negative effects of water deficit and disease severity in both seasons. SA was increased almost all the studied parameters in both seasons more than OXA and BTH. These results indicated that chemical inducers (SA, OXA and BTH) are convenient and could be recommended to increase the productivity and resistance the adverse conditions.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_604_562c6af2669f383fe930d52eb7014e3b.pdf
2016-10-31
209
224
10.21608/agro.2016.604
Salicylic acid
oxalic acid
benzothiadiazole
Antioxidant enzymes
Water deficit
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Sowing Methods and Microelements Foliar Application on Bread Wheat Productivity and their Economical Feasibility
TWO FIELD experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of Assiut University during the two successive winter seasons 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three sowing methods (i.e broad casting method, broad casting on the terraces with width 1.5 m and drilling on the terraces with width 1.5 m and the distance between rows 15 cm) and microelements foliar application (two levels) on two bread wheat cultivars and their economical visibility. The obtained results indicate that all measured traits exhibited significant differences in response to sowing methods; moreover, microelement foliar application scored significant differences in yield and yield components. drilling on terraces sowing method gave the highest mean value of grain and biological yields as compared with broad casting method, which is the common sowing method for wheat. Furthermore, cultivar Shandawel-1, developed in Upper Egypt, surpassed the other cultivar Misr-1 in its yield under the experiment conditions.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_600_5347bece0296babfa99cef2b7c0c8132.pdf
2016-10-31
225
240
10.21608/agro.2016.600
Wheat
Triticum
Sowing method
Microelement foliar application
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Genetic Analysis of Some Quantitative Traits in Hybrid Rice with Utilizing Cytoplasmic Genetic Male Sterility System
THE PRESENT investigation was conducted to study the genetic variance components, heritability, heterosis and combining ability in relation to identifying desirable parents and hybrids for hybrid rice breeding program. Three cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and five restorers (testers) were crossed in line × tester scheme in 2014 growing season. The resulted 15 F1 hybrids along with their eight parents, three maintainers lines and one standard check variety (Giza 178) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC) Farm, Sakha, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt during 2015 growing season. Data were recorded on eight quantitative traits, i.e. days to heading, plant height , panicle length, 1000-grain weight, panicle weight, the number of panicles/plant, spikelet fertility percentage and grain yield. The results showed that, the mean squares due to genotypes, parents, crosses and parents vs. crosses were highly significant for all the studied traits. Highly significant differences were detected among lines, testers and line × tester for all the studied traits. The non-additive genetic variance played an effective role in the inheritance of all studied traits, except days to heading, plant height and panicle weight. Heritability estimates in the broad sense (h2b%) were high for all the studied traits. However, heritability estimates in the narrow sense (h2n%) were moderate to high for some traits. Relatively high genetic advance coupled with high heritability estimates were detected for panicle weight. Highly significant and positive estimates of heterosis over better parent and the check variety (Giza 178) were detected in all the F1 hybrids for the grain yield trait. The CMS line G46A and the restorers GZ9399 and PR6 were the best general combiners for grain yield. The hybrid combinations viz., IR69625A × Giza179, IR69625A × PR5, IR70368A × GZ9399, IR70368A × WTR1 and G46A × PR5 had the best SCA effects for grain yield and some of its components.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_608_ac262bf593083d866bf476d620d720cb.pdf
2016-10-31
241
256
10.21608/agro.2016.608
rice
cytoplasmic male sterility
Combining ability
Heterosis
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Estimation of Heterosis and Combining Ability Effects on Grain Yield and Some Agronomic Traits of Sorghum under Three NPK Fertilizers Levels
HETEROSIS and combining ability for grain yield and some agronomic traits were studied among thirty F1 grain sorghum crosses and their elven parents under three NPK levels during 2014 and 2015 seasons. Significant differences among genotypes were found for all studied traits, indicating wide genetic diversity. The interaction of genotypes with each of years and NPK levels were significant in most studied traits. The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that the mean square due to entries, parents, parents vs. crosses, crosses, lines, testers, lines × testers turned up significant for all studied characters and suggesting that the experimental materials possessed considerable variability that both general and specific combining ability were involved in the genetic expression of these characters. The female line ICSB610 showed significant and negative general combining ability (GCA) effects for days to 50% heading and panicle length and positive for grain yield and plant height. It may be used to develop high yielding, early flowering, and tall hybrids with short panicles. For specific combining ability (SCA), effects, the crosses ICSA613 × ICSR89028 and ICSA20 × ICSR53 gave positive and highly significant SCA effects which indicated that these crosses can be considered desirable combiners. These crosses had also high grain yield per se and one of the parents with highest GCA effects. The observations on portioning of combining ability variance into additive and dominance variances indicated the role of both additive and dominance gene action. The magnitude of non-additive variance was higher than the additive variance by many folds for all studied traits.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_609_8fc2ee21a8939a24afebd04520a41933.pdf
2016-10-31
257
278
10.21608/agro.2016.609
Heterosis
Combining ability
Sorghum
NPK nutrients
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Simulation of Wheat Yield Using the RZWQM as Affected by Supplemental Irrigation in the North Western Coast of Egypt
N ARID and semi-arid regions, the amount of rainfall and its …distribution greatly affect the productivity of crops in these regions. Rainfall deficits during the critical growth stages can cause a sever crop yield losses. The study was carried out at the agricultural Experimental station, Sustainable Development Center of Matrouh Resources, Egypt, during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 rainfall seasons to evaluate the effect of different supplemental irrigation treatments on wheat yield . The irrigation treatments included rainfall only (control), one irrigation of 50 mm at tillering or booting or grain filling, two irrigations of 100 mm at tillering and booting or tillering and grain filling or booting and grain filling, and three irrigations of 150 mm at the three stages of tillering, booting and grain filling. The obtained results showed that the application of supplemental irrigation of 150 mm at the three stages of tillering, booting and filling secured the highest significantly values of plant height (61.47 cm), spike length (9.07 cm) and number of grains/spike (46.67) in the first season only, 1000 grain weight (39.72 and 48.53 g), biological yield (5.10 and 8.72 t/ha), grain yield (1.55 and 3.40 t/ha) , straw yield (3.54 and 5.35 t/ha) and WUE (0.672 and 1.08 kg/m3) in both seasons, respectively. Wheat yield in the second season under the different supplemental irrigation treatments was simulated using the Root Zone Water Quality Model. Results showed a very good agreement between simulated and observed yields with a Nash- Sutcliff Efficiency (NSE) of 0.93. It could be concluded that supplemental irrigation is highly important for achieving a good economic yield of wheat under the rainfed condition of Matrouh Governorate, moreover the RZWQM successfully simulated the wheat yield under water stress conditions.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_611_d598c92dc8d40b75d8ac6c5edfd0a919.pdf
2016-10-31
279
292
10.21608/agro.2016.611
supplemental irrigation
RZWQM
rainfed wheat
yield and its components
WUE
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Heterosis and Inheritance of Some Physiological Criteria Imparting Drought Tolerance of Grain Sorghum in The Irrigated and Water-limited Environments
THIS EXPERIMENT aimed to estimate heterosis, combining ability effect and some genetic components of relative water
content (RWC), excised leaf water loss (ELWL), chlorophyll content (CC), stay green (Stg) and flag leaf area (FLA) under well-watered and drought stress conditions in grain sorghum. The plant materials consisted of 43 sorghum entries including 30 F1 hybrids, five restorer lines, six B-lines and two check cultivars for comparison. The lines were crossed to testers in line × tester mating design in season 2013. The entries were evaluated in 2014 and 2015 seasons under wellwatered and drought stress conditions at two locations represent clay and new reclaimed soils with three replications (eight environments). Surface and drip irrigation systems were applied in the clay and reclaimed soil, respectively in order to carry out the well-watered and drought stress conditions. The results of the combined analysis of combing ability revealed that, the lines, testers and line × testers were highly significant for most studied traits suggesting that the plant
materials possessed considerable variability that both general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability effects were involved in the genetic expression of these traits. However, the parental lines ICSA11, ICSA536 and ICSR102 were the best parents that showed GCA effects for one or two traits and involved in one or two cross combinations that showed highly desirable SCA effects or showed remarkable heterosis. The cross combination ICSA536 × ICSR628 had high positive and significant SCA effects for RWC and CC, while the cross combination ICSA11 × ICSR102 had high positive and significant SCA effects for stay green and flag leaf area. For heterosis, the cross combination ICSA598 × ICSR89034 exhibited desirable magnitude of mid-parent-heterosis for the physiological criteria. The degree of dominance of the RWC, CC and FLA were higher than unity, that means non-additive effect was found to be predominant and desirable in the inheritance of these traits and indicating that heterosis breeding would be more appropriate method for the of this traits. While additive effect was the favorable direction in ELWL and Stg traits and can be easily select these traits in early generation. Chlorophyll content gave maximum narrow-sense heritability followed by stay green, indicating the role of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. Broad-sense heritability estimates appeared to be high for all physiological traits under study, indicating the role of non-additive gene action effects on the phenotypic expression of these traits.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_617_ccbbb88e52faaa66e6ab311666530995.pdf
2016-10-31
293
318
10.21608/agro.2016.617
Heterosis
Sorghum
Combining ability
Drought tolerance
physiological traits
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of Foliar Feeding With Alga Extract and Boron on Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet Grown in Sandy Soil
TWO FIELD experiments were conducted at Wadi El-Natrun, El-Bahira Governorate, (latitude of 30.480 N and longitude of
30.500 E) during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons to study the impact of foliar application with alga extract (Spirulina platensis) and boron on yield and quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.) planted in a sandy soil under sprinkler irrigation system. The present work included sixteen treatments, represented the combinations of four alga extract levels (without; 1.5; 2.5 and 3.5 g / liter) sprayed twice at 4-6 and 6-8 leaf stages as well as four concentrations of boron (without; 50; 100 and 150 ppm/liter/fad, as boric acid 17% boron) which, sprayed twice at 6-8 and 10 leaf stages. The treatments were arranged in a strip plot design in three replicates. The vertical plots were occupied with four levels of alga extract and the horizontal plots were devoted to the four levels of boron.
The Results indicated that foliar application of alga extract using 2.5 g/l or 3.5 g/l produced significantly higher values of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoides), vegetative growth traits of sugar beet plants (root diameter, root and foliage fresh weight), (root and top dry weight/plant), extractable sugar %, quality index ,nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron contents in leaves and root, top and sugar yields/fad, as well as the lowest content of sodium in roots in both seasons.
Higher values of root diameter, fresh weight/plant, root, top and sugar yields/fad, sucrose, extractable sugar, quality index percentages and boron contents in leaves and roots, at harvesting time, were obtained with spraying boron at 100 ppm/fad in both seasons.
The interaction between alga extract and boron levels significantly affected chlorophyll (a), root fresh weight/plant in both seasons; chlorophyll (b), and root yield/fad in 1st one. The combination of 3.5 g/l alga extract along with 100 ppm boron can be recommended to get the maximum root yield/fad (27.13 t/fad) in 1st season, which showed an integrative role between fertilization using the alga extract and boron.
https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_622_f0ecebe87e5ffbc4a2d738c8eaf5874f.pdf
2016-10-31
319
336
10.21608/agro.2016.622
Spirulina
Boron
sandy soil
Sugar beet