@article { author = {Eid, Manal and Sabry, Samah}, title = {Assessment of Variability for Drought Tolerance Indices in Some Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Agronomy}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {79-91}, year = {2019}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0379-3575}, eissn = {2357-0288}, doi = {10.21608/agro.2019.10401.1153}, abstract = {Estimation of nine yield-based drought tolerance indices was studied in ten wheat genotypes and identification of best index and best drought tolerant genotype. Nine drought tolerance indices comprising stress tolerance index (STI), tolerance index (TOL), stress susceptibility index (SSI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP),harmonic mean (HAM), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI) and drought resistance index (DRI) were each estimated based on yield under non-stress (Yp) and stress condition (Ys). The results of the genetic analysis for all drought tolerance indices studied demonstrated that GMP, MP and HAM had less variation between phenotypic coefficients of variability and genotypic coefficient of variability corresponded to high heritability. GMP, MP and HAM werenominated as the best useful indices that looking for drought tolerant genotypes. Also, they had positive correlation with Yp and Ys. The genotypes 1, 6 and 10 were considered drought tolerant while genotypes 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 as drought susceptible. Genotype 8 was identified as highly drought susceptible. The studied genotypes showed considerable variation in performance and tolerated various drought conditions that could be exploited in further investigation.}, keywords = {Wheat,Drought indices,Genetic analysis,Tolerant genotype}, url = {https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_30767.html}, eprint = {https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_30767_7deeffabe00e1a5002dbdf0d3f17b55a.pdf} } @article { author = {Eid, Manal}, title = {Gene Expression and Molecular Differences in Two Wheat Genotypes under Salt and Drought Stresses}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Agronomy}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {93-104}, year = {2019}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0379-3575}, eissn = {2357-0288}, doi = {10.21608/agro.2019.12049.1163}, abstract = {T HIS STUDY was conducted to point out some highlights on the difference between two contrasting tolerant wheat varieties regarding to genetic expression and molecular characterization under salt and drought stress. Two different tolerant wheat genotypes namely, Gemmiza9 (sensitive) and Sakha93 (tolerant) were used to investigate the molecular and genetic differences under salt and drought stress. Stress treatments were used NaCl and poly ethylene glycol (PEG) of different levels. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS PAGE) analysis was revealed three disappeared bands with 15, 25, 90 kilodalton (KD) in salt treated plants of Gemmiza9 and appeared these bands as constant in controlled and salt treated plants of Sakha93. Contradict vision for protein profile was under drought stress that constant bands were disappeared and new synthetic bands were exhibited in both Gemmiza9 and Sakha93. Moreover, Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were produced several number of unique bands in Sakha93. Primer 2 generated unique bands in Gemmiza9. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were 100% polymorphism. WMC_179 marker out of six markers was present unique alleles only in Sakha93. This marker might be practical and advantageous to the genotype that recognized to tolerance QTL markers alleles to utilize in marker assisted selection in further study. Comparison between RAPD and SSR markers was revealed that QND was less (0.06) in RAPD than in SSR (0.56). EMI was higher (0.31) in RAPD than in SSR (0.23). Nonetheless, the findings might be valuable and helpful to identify the genetic and molecular characterizations of different tolerant genotypes.}, keywords = {Drought stress,genotype,Protein profile,salinity,Wheat}, url = {https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_33648.html}, eprint = {https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_33648_bec558732dd6172491e797185f57a802.pdf} } @article { author = {Mekdad, Ali and Emam, Salah}, title = {Biofuel, Sugar Content, Grain Yields and Qualities of Two Sorghum bicolor in Responses to Levels and Timing of Nitrogen Applications}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Agronomy}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {105-117}, year = {2019}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0379-3575}, eissn = {2357-0288}, doi = {10.21608/agro.2019.10075.1152}, abstract = {TWO FIELD experiments were conducted during the 2017 and 2018, the objective of this work was to evaluate two sweet sorghum varieties under the effect of three nitrogen levels and two different timing of nitrogen application on plant characteristics, quality and yield traits of sweet sorghum. The experimental design was a split-split plot in RCBD with three replications. The main plots were assigned to sweet sorghum varieties viz., Brandes (V1) and Honey (V2). The subplots were occupied with three levels of nitrogen 80 (N1), 100 (N2) and 120 (N3). Two nitrogen applications times viz., at two equal doses (T1) and at three equal doses (T2) were arranged in the sub-subplots treatments.Recapitulating our results indicated that nitrogen fertilizer levels and timing of nitrogen application had a highly significant (P≤ 0.01). Moreover, varieties differed significantly (P≤ 0.05) positive effect on yield and yield components traits in both seasons. The grain yield (1.12 and 1.28ton/fed, fed= 4200 m2= 0.405 hectare) in each seasons, were obtained by Brandes variety (V1) with 120N kg fed−1 (N3) and T2 (third equal doses of nitrogen application).The obtained results of regression analysis of theoretical ethanol yield clarified that, there were three traits, i.e. the sucrose %, the stalk yield and the juice weight in the first year, while in the second year, six traits, i.e. the sugar yield, the sucrose%, the stalk yield, the brix %, the juice extraction% and juice weight were significantly (P≤ 0.001) contributed to variation in the theoretical ethanol yield per feddan.Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, Varieties, Nitrogen levels, Times split nitrogen and ethanol yield. Note: The feddan is a recognized and approved unit in our region and is equal to 4200m2= 0.405hectare)}, keywords = {Sorghum bicolor ,varieties,nitrogen levels,Times split nitrogen and ethanol yield}, url = {https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_35588.html}, eprint = {https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_35588_93ac6d14f6361b023b5b2b066a4a5ea7.pdf} } @article { author = {Emam, Salah}, title = {Cultivars Response of Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) to Different Nitrogen Sources in Dry Environment}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Agronomy}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {119-131}, year = {2019}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0379-3575}, eissn = {2357-0288}, doi = {10.21608/agro.2019.10947.1157}, abstract = {TWO YEARS field experiment were carried out at Demo experimental farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Egypt in 2015/16 and 2016/17 seasons to examine the effect of nitrogen sources as soil application on straw and seed yields as well as seed quality of flax. A split-plot arrangement with three replications was used. Three cultivars of flax i.e., Sakha-1, Sakha-2 and Giza-9 occupied the main plots. While, N-sources, i.e., ammonium nitrate (23.5 %), urea (46.5%) and ammonium sulfate (20.6%) distributed in the sub-plot. The obtained results clarified that Sakha-1 gave the highest straw yield and its attributes mean values i.e., plant height, technical stem length and straw yield plant-1. While, Sakha-2 gave the highest mean values for number of branches plant-1 and stem diameter. In addition, Sakha-2 cultivar was exceeded the other two cultivars with regard to seed yield and related traits i.e., fruiting zone length, no. of fruiting branches plant-1, No. of capsules plant-1, 1000-seed weight and seed and oil yield fed-1. Ammonium nitrate followed by ammonium sulfate as N-sources gave the highest straw and seed yields and its related traits when compared with urea. Thus, the recommendations of this study are cultivating Sakha-2 variety and fertilized by ammonium nitrate as N-sources.The obtained results of regression analysis of seed yield indicated that, there are two traits i.e. seed yield plant-1 and No. of capsules plant-1 in the first season and Zn mg 100g-1 in the second one, were significantly (P≤ 0.001) contributed to variation in seed yield feddan.}, keywords = {Flax,cultivars,N-sources,Dry environment}, url = {https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_35597.html}, eprint = {https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_35597_9445882be8ebc7b4dde7dc8d2c7d29c4.pdf} } @article { author = {Labib, Heba and Hamza, Mohamed and Abbas, Mohamed and Fayed, Sayed}, title = {Bio and Organic Fertilizers as an Alternative to Conventional Mineral Source on Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) Production and Oil Quality in Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Agronomy}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {133-147}, year = {2019}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0379-3575}, eissn = {2357-0288}, doi = {10.21608/agro.2019.11061.1158}, abstract = {POSSIBILITIES of partial or complete substitution of mineral fertilizer via bio and organic fertilizers were evaluated for improving the characteristics of sesame seed yield and oil yield, also contributing to decrease environmental pollution. The two experiments were implemented in the two summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 at the Agricultural Experimental and Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with seven treatments. Sesame was tested under three types of fertilizers i.e., 33, 50, and 100% mineral, compost, and 100% bioformulations. Results revealed that the treatment of 100% compost attained the highest values of number of plants ha-1 (119.80 thousands ha-1), seed yield plant-1 (15.37g), biological yield (5721.00kg ha-1), also gave the highest significant values of seed yield (1544.00kg ha-1) and oil yield (865.60kg ha-1); however, the treatment of 100% bioformulations in combination with 50% mineral recorded maximum values of plant height (135.33cm), fruiting zone length (81.06cm), number of seeds plant-1 (3880.68), seed index (4.61g) and produced a maximum significant value of number of capsules plant-1 (77.06) in both seasons. While, the treatment of 100% bioformulations mixed with 50% compost attained the highest value of seed oil percentage (59.03%), whereas all treatments did not significant effect on the fatty acids composition when compared with the control treatment (100% mineral) in both seasons. It can be concluded that the mineral fertilizer was completely replaced via 100% compost and partially replaced by 100% bioformulations with 50% mineral recorded the best results in both seasons.}, keywords = {sesame,Bio-fertilizers,compost,NPK,fatty acids,seed yield,Oil yield}, url = {https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_37400.html}, eprint = {https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_37400_a8f36c560aa95b65f34d7742c99f7b25.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahdi, A. and Khalifa, H. and Taha, R.}, title = {Performance Evaluation of Three Egyptian Cotton Genotypes under Different Thermal Units Related to Different Planting Dates}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Agronomy}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {149-158}, year = {2019}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0379-3575}, eissn = {2357-0288}, doi = {10.21608/agro.2019.12006.1162}, abstract = {FARMERS are often unable to determine the effect of different environmental stress on growth and development of cotton plants. So, the experiment conducted through a wide range of thermal changes by planting cotton at different dates. This work aimed to performance evaluation of some Egyptian cotton genotypes i.e., Giza 90, Giza 90 x Aust. and Giza 95 under different thermal units related to different planting dates i.e., 1st April, 16th April and 1st May.The results demonstrated that late planting led to decreasing plant height, number of leaves/plant and leaf area/plant. Number of fruiting/plant increased in early planting due to lowered of node of the first sympodium and inducing early balance between vegetative and fruiting. Low temperatures at the beginning of the season and the decrease the number of thermal units in early planting led to increase concentration of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids in leaves and increase earliness index. Late planting produced the first flower and first open boll in shorter period as compared to early planting, but it consumed more number of heat units. Yield and its quality have increased in early planting where utilized the heat units in producing the highest number of open bolls and enhance cotton fiber properties conversely late planting which used most of the heat units in increasing the vegetative growth. Giza 95 surpassed in all studied characters compared to other genotypes. The efficiency of Egyptian cotton genotypes particularly Giza 95 for use of air thermal units increased in early planting. From the results above, it could be concluded that early planting maximized of the use of heat units by increasing the efficiency use of air thermal units through the growing season which lowered the amount of heat units for necessary production one boll.}, keywords = {genotypes,thermal units,planting dates,Cotton}, url = {https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_43486.html}, eprint = {https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_43486_f3d386ec7e2340e9b8ce940fefb8cb51.pdf} } @article { author = {Ali, Mohamed}, title = {Combining Ability of Physiological and Yield Traits of Bread Wheat Diallel Crosses under Timely and Late Sowing Dates}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Agronomy}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {159-181}, year = {2019}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0379-3575}, eissn = {2357-0288}, doi = {10.21608/agro.2019.15182.1172}, abstract = {WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) is a vulnerable crop to heat stress. A set of 12 wheat genotypes were evaluated under timely and late sowing dates using physiological and yield traits during the two years of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. Consequently, seven genotypes were used in a half-diallel mating system. The parents and their 21F1 hybrids were evaluated under timely and late sowing dates during 2018/2019. The results indicated that both chlorophyll absorbance at anthesis and flag leaf temperature depression at milk stage were strongly associated (r= 0.6; P<0.001) with grain yield under heat stress induced by late sowing date. Therefore, using these traits is highly recommended screening tools for heat stress tolerance in wheat breeding programs. Significant differences were observed between the parental genotypes for their GCA and between their crosses for SCA for all traits under heat stress. The additive constituent of gene action was predominant. Among the seven parents, 1, 4, and 6 were the best general combiners for grain yield, 1000 grain weight, chlorophyll absorbance at anthesis, flag leaf temperature depression and canopy temperature depression at milk stage under heat stress. The best specific crosses for grain yield were 6×9, 6×11 and 1×4, for flag leaf temperature depression at milk stage were 6×11, 6×9 and 10×11 and for canopy temperature depression at milk stage were 4×6, 1×4 and 6×11 under heat stress. Taking advantage of both additive and non-additive components requires using bi-paternal and multi-parental mating approaches in wheat breeding programs targeted to develop heat-tolerant varieties.}, keywords = {Wheat,diallel crosses,heat stress,sowing date}, url = {https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_46226.html}, eprint = {https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_46226_b4a4eb15747cdd1ed8fd5cadf2bb4554.pdf} } @article { author = {Salem, Azza and Sultan, Fadia and El- Douby, K.}, title = {Effect of Intercropping Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L.) with Teosinte ( Zea mexicana Schrad ) on Forage Yield Productivity and Its Quality}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Agronomy}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {183-196}, year = {2019}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0379-3575}, eissn = {2357-0288}, doi = {10.21608/agro.2019.11752.1161}, abstract = {TWO FIELD experiments were carried out at Giza Agricultural Research Station (30° 02’ N latitude and 31° 13’ E longitude, altitude 22.50m above sea level), Egypt, during 2017 and 2018 seasons to investigate the effect of three intercropping patterns of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) with teosinte (Zea mexicana Schrad ) (1- On the other side of teosinte ridges, 1:1 and 2:2 in alternating ridges) and three seeding rates, (50%+50%, 75%+50% and 50% +75%) teosinte/cowpea of its pure stand on forage yield and its quality. A split plot design with three replicates was used. The results could be summarized as follows:--Intercropping pattern of 2:2 recorded the highest values for total fresh and dry forage yields whereas cowpea intercropped on the other side gave the lowest values in both seasons. Seeding rate of 75%+50% teosinte/cowpea recorded the highest values for total fresh and dry forage yields in both seasons. Intercropping pattern 2:2 with 75% teosinte+50% cowpea gave the highest value of totally fresh and dry yields. Whereas, planting cowpea on the other side with 50% seeding rates of both crops, gave the lowest values in both seasons.-Crude protein and digestible protein percentages, crude protein and digestible protein yields fed-1 were increased by different intercropping patterns. Seeding rates and the interaction between them compared with teosinte pure stand in both seasons, whereas fiber percentage behaved opposite trend in both season.-Land equivalent ratio (LER) and relative crowding coefficient recorded the highest values by the interaction between 2:2 ridges and 75% teosinte+50% cowpea seeding rates of its pure stands in both seasons. Teosinte was dominant crop in 6 out of 9 treatments in both seasons.-It could be concluded that 15kg teosinte+10kg cowpea and 2:2 intercropping pattern in alternate to obtain the highest mixture yield and quality.}, keywords = {Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L.),Toesinte ( Zea mexicana Schrad ),seeding rate,Intercropping patterns}, url = {https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_46231.html}, eprint = {https://agro.journals.ekb.eg/article_46231_346cf5e0526f3cc3980c4881efb68039.pdf} }